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I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World II. The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam III. The Arab Empire of the Umayyads IV. From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era. I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World Bedouins Camel herding Agriculture
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I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian WorldII. The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of IslamIII. The Arab Empire of the UmayyadsIV. From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era
I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World • Bedouins • Camel herding • Agriculture • A. Clan Identity, Clan Rivalries, and the Cycle of VengeanceClans • Grouped into tribesShayksFree warriorsRivalry • B. Towns and Long-Distance TradeEntrepotsMecca Umayyad clan, Quraysh tribe Ka’baMedina Arabia and Surrounding Area Before and During the Time of Muhammad
I. Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World • B. Marriage and Family in Pre-Islamic Arabia Women have important roles • Polygyny, polyandry • C. Poet and Neglected Gods Animism, polytheism • Including Allah Arabia and Surrounding Area Before and During the Time of Muhammad
II. The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Banu Hasim clan Orphaned Mecca • Khadijah Revelations, 610 via Gabriel • Persecution, Flight, and VictoryKa’ba gods threatenedInvited to Medina, 622HijraReturn to Mecca, 629 • Arabs and IslamUmma • Universal Elements in Islam5 Pillars • Acceptance of Islam • Prayer Fasting during Ramadan Payment of zakatHajj The Expansion of the Islamic Empire During the 7th and 8th Centuries
III. The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Death, 632 Succession struggle • Consolidation and Division in the Islamic CommunityAbu Bakr • Ridda Wars • Motives for Arab ConquestConversionsBooty • Weaknesses of the Adversary EmpiresSassanian Empire Zoroastrianism Dynasty ended, 651Byzantium • The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a SplitUthman 3rd caliph Murdered • Ali Rejected by Umayyads Siffin, 657 Loses suppor Assassinated, 661 Son, Hasan, renounces caliphate Son, Husayn Killed, Karbala, 680Sunni – UmayyadsShi’a – Ali’s descendantsMu’awiya • Caliph, 660 • The Umayyad ImperiumPush west Stopped at Poitiers, 732 Retain Iberia • Converts and “People of the Book”Malawi, converts • Dhimmi, people of the book Jews, Christians • Later, Zoroastrians and Hindus • Family and Gender Roles in the Umayyad AgeIslamic ideas prevail at first • Umayyad Decline and FallRevolts • Merv Abassid revolt750, Umayyads defeated by Abassids
IV. From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era Sunni rule repress Shi’a Baghdad • New capital • Islamic Conversion and Mawali Acceptance • Town and Country: Commercial Boom and Agrarian Expansion • Urban expansionAyan • The First Flowering of Islamic Learning • Building • Mosques, palaces