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DESERT OPERATIONS

DESERT OPERATIONS. Caspian Sea. Med. Sea. Persian Gulf. Red Sea. Arabian Sea. Indian Ocean. REFERENCES. FM 1-202, Environmental Flight FM 1-230, Meteorology for Army Aviators, September 1982 FM 90-3, Desert Operations, August 1993. OUTLINE. Desert Weather Desert Flying

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DESERT OPERATIONS

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  1. DESERT OPERATIONS Caspian Sea Med. Sea Persian Gulf Red Sea Arabian Sea Indian Ocean

  2. REFERENCES FM 1-202, Environmental Flight FM 1-230, Meteorology for Army Aviators, September 1982 FM 90-3, Desert Operations, August 1993

  3. OUTLINE • Desert Weather • Desert Flying • Density Altitude • Sand • Hazards to Flight

  4. DESERT WEATHER • Temperature • Max recorded: 136o F, (58o C). 160o inside a WW2 tank. • Minimum temperature in Siberian and Gobi deserts dive to -50o F (-45oC). • Day/night fluctuations reach as much as 72o F in the Sinai • Wind • Iran is known for its “wind of 120 days”. The wind blows almost constantly at velocities of up to 70 mph. • Sandstorms may develop to thousands of feet high and last for several days. They may form and stop suddenly. • Visibility may go from 30 miles to 30 ft. in minutes. • Precipitation • Lack of water is the most important single characteristic of the desert. • Annual rain fall may vary from 0 to 10 inches. • Severe thunderstorms may cause flash flooding.

  5. ACCLIMATIZATION • Significant acclimatization can be attained in 4-5 days • Full acclimatization takes 7-14 days , with 2-3 hours per day of exercise in the heat. • Acclimatization does not reduce, and may increase water intake

  6. DESERT FLYING

  7. DENSITY ALTITUDE • Pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature. • Altitude at which your aircraft will perform at. • As DA increases-------air density decreases

  8. DENSITY ALTITUDE • As we increase in altitude-----the pressure around us decreases • At sea level/standard day (15oC.) 29.92 in = 14.7 psi. • At 18,000ft = 7.0psi. • As temperature increases-----the density (thickness) of the air decreases. (air molecules move further apart.)

  9. DENSITY ALTITUDE FL 180 Sea Level = Air Molecules

  10. Effects of DA on aircraft performance? • Reduced horsepower (Torque) available. • As DA incr. - air molecules spread out - less air going into the engine = less horsepower (Torque) being produced. • Reduced wing efficiency • Less air molecules acting on the wings to produce lift.

  11. RESULTS • Increased takeoff roll • Reduced climb performance (ft./min.) • Increased landing distance (higher TAS, higher GS) • Decrease in the “excess power available” • Aircraft response----more sluggish • Deceleration effects (ability to slow down, and not fall through)

  12. What to do about it • Plan ahead-----ppc, understand how DA will affect aircraft performance. • ANTICIPATE!!!

  13. Sand and the aircraft • Engines/blades [blade erosion,wear on engine components(particle separator, filters,inlet and turbine blades)] • higher than normal oil temperatures • Avionics • electricity will attract the dust • overheat of the black boxes • lead acid batteries more susceptible to overheating in the desert

  14. HAZARDS TO FLIGHT • Sandstorms • Altitudes up to 10,000 feet • Near zero visibility • High winds

  15. AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS Engine TGT High TGT during engine start Avionics High humidity can subject electronics equipment to malfunction due to corrosion

  16. QUESTIONS?? ?

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