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Extended Essay

Extended Essay. Guidelines First Exams 2013. Choice of Topic and RQ. Focused Topic chosen from one of the IB Subjects Topic chosen by student It is recommended that a combination of primary and secondary sources is used.

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Extended Essay

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  1. Extended Essay Guidelines First Exams 2013

  2. Choice of Topic and RQ • Focused Topic chosen from one of the IB Subjects • Topic chosen by student • It is recommended that a combination of primary and secondary sources is used. • The data collected should be critically analyzed. The chosen topic should lend itself to such analysis. • The research question should be clearly focused.

  3. Examples from the IBO guideEconomicsTopic: Pricing at the local Supermarket • Research Question: Will the recent policy of cutting bakery prices lead to increased revenue for the Safeway supermarket in Ryde, Sydney? • Approach: Primary research is conducted through observation and supported by secondary research, such as company records and textbooks. This results in a detailed examination of elasticity and its relationship to total revenue.

  4. Business and ManagementTopic: Operations management • Research Question: To what extent has the introduction of Total Quality Management (TQM) improved quality at ABC Ltd? • Approach: A review of how quality management techniques have changed with the introduction of TQM. Relevant indicators are selected for measuring quality and the data for ABC Ltd is collected. The way in which ABC Ltd have adapted their approach to managing quality, and the impact of this on the selected indicators, is analysed and evaluated.

  5. BiologyTopic: The effectiveness of commercial antibacterial cleaning agents • Research Question: Are commercially available antibacterial cleaning agents effective at controlling the growth of E. coli on nutrient agar under laboratory conditions? Approach: Pure strain E. coli are grown on nutrient agar plates under controlled conditions. Filter paper discs soaked in samples of the antibacterial agents are placed on the agar plates and the zone of exclusion is measured and compared.

  6. HistoryTopic: Changing views of the 1962 Cuban missile crisis • Research Question: How and why have explanations of the Cuban missile crisis changed since 1962? • Approach: General reading is undertaken for a historical introduction and note taking. The views of a number of historians are summarized in order to understand, categorize and evaluate selected explanations of the 1962 missile crisis in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.

  7. May 2011 Economics EE Subject Report Unsuitable approaches included: • essays on a historical topic; there is no hard and fast rule on this, but students should confine their topics to something that has taken place in the recent past. • essays on a future event; these are problematic as the conclusions are largely hypothetical or speculative. • essays on the performance of the whole economy; the global financial crisis has generated a flurry of research questions, including ones on the whole of individual economies. These are rarely successful. They tend to be descriptive, lacking in analysis, and summaries of secondary sources. • Essays on the effect of a major event, without specifying what it is that is being examined, i.e. the effect on what.

  8. May 2011 Economics EE Subject Report • Students continue to inappropriately generate conclusions about elasticity based on data that they have gathered through surveys. Where surveys ask questions such as “How much would you buy if the price increased by 10%, 20%, 30%?” produce hypothetical and unreliable conclusions. Elasticity theory should only be used if prices actually do change. • In cases where primary research is not obvious, students should be encouraged to contact (email is the easiest way to start) an economist, an economics professor, a journalist or a government official for information.

  9. Title Page Abstract Table of Contents Introduction Body Conclusion Bibliography Appendices Formal Presentation

  10. Topic Research Question Subject Examination Session Candidate Name Candidate Number Word count Title Page

  11. Less than300 Words One Paragraph stating Research Question Scope of investigation Conclusion Abstract

  12. Introduction Explaining the problem/case study/etc. Research Conclusion Bibliography Appendices Table of Contents

  13. Why? Justify the choice of the topic in the context of the study of economics What? State the research question How? Research methodology Introduction

  14. Body • The main argument of essay is developed in body • Relevant evidence discovered should be presented • Where/how evidence has been discovered and how it supports the argument should be presented. • Sub-headings should be used to help the reader understand the argument

  15. Body • The body of the essay should include: • Development • What relevant evidence has been discovered. • Methods • where/how it has been discovered • Results • how it supports the argument.

  16. Do Mobinil and Vodafone engage in price competition in Cairo? 4 market structures Oligopoly profit maximization and Kinked demand Duopoly interdependence: Prisoner’s dilemma Apply theory to the problem at hand Do not regurgitate notes Remember your IA? Define economic terms, use and explain graphs, etc. Example from Economics

  17. Your methodology should be clearly explained How was the data collected? What data is needed to answer the research question? Try to have a representative sample Questionnaires and interviews should be included in appendices Be aware of bias Research

  18. Ethical guidelines for extended essays research and fieldwork • Extended essay students must exercise the greatest sensitivity to local and international cultures. • Any research/fieldwork that creates anxiety, stress, pain or discomfort for participants is not permitted. • Any research/fieldwork that involves unjustified deception, involuntary participation or invasion of privacy, including inappropriate use of information technology (IT), email and the internet, is prohibited. • All participants in research activities must be informed before commencing the research that they have the right to withdraw at any time. Pressure must not be placed on any individual participant to continue with the investigation beyond this point.

  19. Ethical guidelines for extended essays research and fieldwork • Each participant must be informed of the aims and objectives of the research and in addition be shown the results of the research. • Informed consent should be obtained from the people who are the subject of the fieldwork. Research involving children needs the written consent of parent(s) or guardian(s). Students must ensure that parents are fully informed about the implications for children who take part in such research. Where research is conducted with children in a school, the written consent of the teachers concerned must also be obtained. • Extended essay students must avoid conducting research with any adult who is not in a fit state of mind and cannot respond freely and independently.

  20. Ethical guidelines for extended essays research and fieldwork • If any participant shows stress and/or pain at any stage of the research, the research must finish immediately, and the participant must be allowed to withdraw. • Participants must be debriefed and given the right to withdraw their own personal data and responses. Anonymity for each participant must be guaranteed. • All data collected must be kept in a confidential and responsible manner and not divulged to any other person. • Research that is conducted online, using IT methods, is subject to the same guidelines. Any data collected online must be deleted once the research has been completed. Such data must not be used for any purpose other than the conduct of the research.

  21. Your findings should be clearly presented through tables and graphs should be explained Your findings should be analyzed in order to answer the research question While interpreting the data, you could refer to theory It should be clear how your analysis leads the conclusion provide some explanation of anomalies or unexpected outcomes Research tables and graphs

  22. Recap Answer the research question Shortcomings, biases Recommendations Conclusion

  23. Center the word Bibliography. Double space before the first entry. Do not indent at the beginning of an entry, but indent additional lines If the entry runs more than one line. Double space between entries. List entries alphabetically by the author’s last name. If there is no author, list by the first word of the title. Bibliography

  24. If your research involves interviews or surveys, include them in the appendix. Findings form your data collection should not be in the appendix. Presentation and analysis of data should be included in the body of your essay. Appendix

  25. AK out of 36 Assessment Criteria

  26. A: 29 – 36 B: 23 – 28 C: 16 – 22 D: 8 – 15 E: 0 - 7 EE markbands- May 2012

  27. Extended Essay Statistics Nov. 2011 Source: IBO: statistical bulletin May 2011

  28. Criterion A—Research question [2 marks] “The extent to which the purpose of the essay is specified”. To score 2 on this criteria: “The research question is clearly stated in either the introduction or on the title page and is sharply focused, making effective treatment possible within the word limit.” Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2013

  29. Criterion A in Economics • The research question should be sharply focused and it is strongly recommended to state in the form of a question. • The question should not • be trivial • have two parts • be a ‘yes/ no’ question.

  30. Criterion B—Introduction [2 marks] “The extent to which the introduction makes clear how the research question relates to existing knowledge on the topic and explains how the topic chosen is significant and worthy of investigation” To score 2 on this criteria: “The context of the research question is clearly demonstrated. The introduction clearly explains the significance of the topic and why it is worthy of investigation.” Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2013

  31. Criterion B in Economics • The introduction should explain why the subject is worthy of investigation, it should not: • account for personal reasons • personal experiences

  32. Criterion C—Investigation [4 marks] “The extent to which the investigation has been planned and an appropriate range of sources has been consulted, or data has been gathered, that is relevant to the research question. Where the research question does not lend itself to a systematic investigation[…], the maximum level that can be awarded is 2.” To score 4 on this criteria: “An imaginative range of appropriate sources has been consulted, or data has been gathered, and relevant material has been carefully selected. The investigation has been well planned.” Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2013

  33. Criterion C in Economics • “Wherever possible, primary sources should be used, with secondary sources as evidential support.” • Questions asked in surveys (when used) should reflect appropriate and relevant economic analysis. • The essay should not include explanation of economic theory that is not applied to answer the research question.

  34. Criterion D—Knowledge and understanding of the topic studied [4 marks] “Where the research question does not lend itself to a systematic investigation in the subject in which the essay is registered, the maximum level that can be awarded is 2.” To score 4 on this criteria: “The essay demonstrates a very good knowledge and understanding of the topic studied. Where appropriate, the essay clearly and precisely locates the investigation in an academic context.” Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2013

  35. A note on ‘academic context’ “defined as the current state of the field of study under investigation. However, this is to be understood in relation to what can reasonably be expected of a pre-university student […], to obtain a level 4, […] comprehensive knowledge is not required” Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2009

  36. Criterion D in Economics • In depth knowledge of the topic should be demonstrated. • Diagrams should be correctly labeled and explained. • The explanation of diagrams should include an explanation of the underpinning theories, assumptions, etc.

  37. Criterion E—Reasoned argument [4 marks] “The extent to which the essay uses the material collected to present ideas in a logical and coherent manner, and develops a reasoned argument in relation to the research question. Where the research question does not lend itself to a systematic investigation in the subject in which the essay is registered, the maximum level that can be awarded for this criterion is 2” To score 4 on this criteria: “Ideas are presented clearly and in a logical and coherent manner. The essay succeeds in developing a reasoned and convincing argument in relation to the research question.” Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2013

  38. Criterion E in Economics “It should be evident throughout the essay that the research question is being answered. Relevant economic theory, concepts and data/information must be integrated in a logical and coherent manner. A valid and persuasive argument needs to be developed in a clear and structured way, with some awareness that there may be alternative viewpoints.”

  39. Criterion F—Application of analytical and evaluative skills appropriate to the subject [4 marks] To score 4 on this criteria: “The essay shows effective and sophisticated application of appropriate analytical and evaluative skills.” Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2013

  40. Criterion F in Economics • Collected data/ information should be examined using economic theories • An awareness of assumptions that have been made, and the possible limitations of the various arguments presented should be demonstrated. • Only theories/ diagrams, which are relevant to the research question should be used • Real data should be used on diagrams wherever possible. When real values are known, they should be shown.

  41. Criterion G—Use of language appropriate to the subject [4 marks] To score 4 on this criteria: “The language used communicates clearly and precisely. Terminology appropriate to the subject is used accurately, with skill and understanding.” Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2013

  42. Criterion G in Economics Economic terminology should be used appropriately and terms requiring a definition should be precisely defined.

  43. Criterion H—Conclusion [2 marks] “The extent to which the essay incorporates a conclusion that is relevant to the research question and is consistent with the evidence presented in the essay.” To score 2 on this criteria: “An effective conclusion is clearly stated; it is relevant to the research question and consistent with the evidence presented in the essay. It should include unresolved questions where appropriate to the subject concerned.” Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2009

  44. Criterion H in Economics • No new material should be introduced in the conclusion. • Any limitations or biases should be discussed.

  45. Criterion I—Formal presentation [4 marks] “[T]he layout, organization, appearance and formal elements of the essay consistently follow a standard format. The formal elements are: title page, table of content, page numbers, illustrative material, quotations, documentation (including references, citations and bibliography) and appendices (if used).” To score 4 on this criteria: Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2009

  46.  The essay is less than 4000 words. • There is a title page. • All pages are numbered. • There is a table of contents. • The illustrative material is appropriate, well set out and used effectively. • The bibliography includes all, and only, those works, which have been consulted. • The references are set out in a consistent standard format.         • If there is an appendix, it only contains information that is required in support of the text.

  47. Word Count does not include: • the abstract • acknowledgments • the contents page • maps, charts, diagrams, annotated illustrations and tables • equations, formulas and calculations • citations/references (whether parenthetical or numbered) • footnotes or endnotes • the bibliography • appendices.

  48. Criterion J—Abstract [2 marks] “[T]o state clearly the research question that was investigated, how the investigation was undertaken and the conclusion(s) of the essay”. To score 2 on this criteria: “the abstract clearly states all the elements listed above.” Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2013

  49. Criterion J in Economics • The abstract should include all the stated elements. • Students are not penalized if the research question is poor under this criterion.

  50. Criterion K—Holistic judgment [4 marks] “The purpose of this criteria is to assess the qualities that distinguish an essay from the average, such as intellectual initiative, depth of understanding and insight .” To score 4 on this criteria: “The essay shows considerable evidence of such qualities.” Assessment Criteria Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2009

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