Prior to the Spanish-American War, which country was the leading imperialistic power?

1. Prior to the Spanish-American War, which country was the leading imperialistic power? • The leading imperialist power claimed, “The sun never sets on the British Empire.”

2. Acquiring Hawaii • 4,000 miles east of the Philippines • Strategic location for US to get to trade with China and business opportunities

3. The beginning of the end of the monarchy in Hawaii…. • King Kalakauam had attempted to restrict American influence in Hawaii in 1886 • The secret Hawaiian League aimed to overthrow the monarchy • In 1887 forced to sign a new constitution • 1891 died.

4. “Bayonet Constitution” *Monarch only a figurehead *limited right of native Hawaiians to hold office *same year Pearl Harbor becomes US naval base

5. Lili’uokalani -- Queen in 1891 • Attempted to rewrite the constitution

6. January 16, 1893 • 4 boatloads of armed US Marines came ashore in Honolulu • Jan. 17, 1893, Queen Lili’uokalani surrendered at gunpoint

7. Provisional government petitioned the US to annex Hawaii • Hawaii was annexed through a joint resolution of the US Congress in 1898. • Hawaii US Statehood1959

9. Cuba • Along with Puerto Rico, last of the Spanish colonies in the late 1800s

10. “Yellow Journalism” Style of journalism-sensationalism to “sell”

12. The Yellow Kid Comic

13. WilliamRandolph Hearst …You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war...

14. “Remember the Maine! And to hell with Spain!”

16. “The Splendid Little War” • 1st “press-driven” war • First battles fought not in Cuba but in the Spanish-held Philippine Islands.

17. The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling • Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide,To veil the threat of terrorAnd check the show of pride;By open speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo seek another's profit,And work another's gain.

18. Take up the White Man's burden; Send forth your sturdy sons, And load them down with whisky And Testaments and guns. Throw in a few diseases To spread in tropic climes, For there the healthy niggers Are quite behind the times. And don't forget the factories. On those benighted shores They have no cheerful iron-mills Nor eke department stores. They never work twelve hours a day, And live in strange content, Altho they never have to pay A single cent of rent. Take up the White Man's burden, And teach the Philippines What interest and taxes are And what a mortgage means. Give them electrocution chairs, And prisons, too, galore, And if they seem inclined to kick, Then spill their heathen gore. They need our labor question, too, And politics and fraud, We've made a pretty mess at home; Let's make a mess abroad. And let us ever humbly pray The Lord of Hosts may deign To stir our feeble memories, Lest we forget -- the Maine. Take up the White Man's burden; To you who thus succeed In civilizing savage hoards They owe a debt, indeed; Concessions, pensions, salaries, And privilege and right, With outstretched hands you raise to bless Grab everything in sight. Take up the White Man's burden, And if you write in verse, Flatter your Nation's vices And strive to make them worse. Then learn that if with pious words You ornament each phrase, In a world of canting hypocrites This kind of business pays. The ‘Real White Man’s Burden’ by Ernest Howard Crosby

19. Spain begins to lose the war!

20. America goes to war… • Filipino patriot Emilio Aguinaldo along with American troops captured Manila

21. Meanwhile in Cuba… • Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders capture San Juan Hill • Led to the capture of Santiago and surrender of Spain

23. Spain’s loss…. • Cuba granted independence • Puerto Rico and Guam ceded to the US • Gave up control of the Philippines in return for a US payment of $20 million

24. …Gain for the United States Overseas territories Secured position as an imperialist and world power!!!

26. Now, what do we do with the Philippines? • President Mc Kinley

27. Pro arguments Commercial and naval reasons Bring democracy to the Philippines To keep out European powers! America is there to protect! Con arguments Violates ideals of the Declaration of Independence! Filipinos did not want the US there. Racist attitude: Filipinos were unassimilable The debate over annexation…

28. If American troops attempt to take forcible possession we Will go to war. Upon their heads will be all the blood which may be shed

29. Fighting having begun, must go to the grim end. • General Otis Commander of US

30. By the War’s end for America…. • three years later in 1902 • 126,500 American troops served • 4,234 died • 2,800 were wounded • at a cost of $400,000,000.

31. For the Filipinos… • Concentration camp policy hadbeen implemented in 1901 (like the Spanish had done in Cuba) • 18,000 killed in combat • Approximately 200,000 died of famine and disease as American soldiers burned villages, destroyed crops and livestock

32. Philippine Government Act *Philippines would be ruled by a Governor and 2-House Legislator *William Howard Taft 1st governor Jones Act of 1916 *Gave Filipinos right to elect both houses of their Legislature Independence would have to wait until Congress declared that “a stable government” had been established.”

33. Philippines do not gain independence until 1946

35. The Boxer Rebellion America, China and the Open Door Policy

37. BACKGROUND • China had experienced foreign invasions throughout the 19th century. • Modern weapons put China at the mercy of foreign countries.

38. Tsu Hsi, empress • dowager of the • Ch’ing Dynasty • attempted to rid • China of the • foreign “parasites.”

39. “Spheres of Influence” • Austria, • France, • Germany, • Great Britain, • Italy, • Japan, • and Russia all claimed exclusive trading rights to certain parts of China.

40. From the Philippines….to China • From the Philippines, United States only 400 miles from China • United States businessmen wanted to take advantage of China’s vast resources • So, the United States was looking for a way in!

41. Since public opinion had been strained by the Philippines War, I will negotiate with the other foreign powers. I suggest we have an “Open Door” policy in China! -John Hay

42. “Open Door Policy” • Equal trading rights would be guaranteed for all. • One nation would be prevented from discriminating against another with its “sphere.”

43. Hay announced that since all of the powers had accepted the Open Door in principle, the US considered their agreement….. “FINAL AND DEFINITIVE!!!!”

44. Fists of Righteous Harmony • Secret Chinese society • “Boxers”

45. Goal of the Boxers • 1. Overthrow the Ch’ing Dynasty • 2. Expel all “foreign devils”

46. Boxer Rebellion • “Boxers” attacked Christian missions, slaughtered foreign missionaries and Chinese converts.

47. 8 countries assembled an international relief force • 2,500 sailors and marines were sent from the US

50. Affect of the Rebellion • Forbidden City ransacked and looted • Ch’ing Dynasty’s power destroyed • An expanded “Open Door” policy implemented-cornerstoneof US policy in Asia for 50 years