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Referencing (HARVARD)

Referencing (HARVARD). LCBF. Referencing (HARVARD). Demonstrate use of the Harvard system of referencing. The Why, What, How of referencing. Understand the guidelines for the submission of written work. Referencing (HARVARD). Referencing (HARVARD). Why?

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Referencing (HARVARD)

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  1. Referencing (HARVARD) LCBF

  2. Referencing (HARVARD) • Demonstrate use of the Harvard system of referencing. • The Why, What, How of referencing. • Understand the guidelines for the submission of written work.

  3. Referencing (HARVARD)

  4. Referencing (HARVARD) Why? • Acknowledge debts to other writers. • Demonstrate the body of knowledge upon which your assignment is based. • Enable the reader(s) to locate your sources easily.

  5. Referencing Conventions(HARVARD) What ? • Citing/Citation • The way that (you) the writer refer to texts that you wish to include in your work – example to follow. • Can also be all of the information retrieved from a bibliographical database search. • References • an alphabetical list describing each source that you have used. • Bibliography • a list of material you have used for information or inspiration but have not referred to directly in the text.

  6. A paraphrase is... • your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. • one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source. • a more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.

  7. What is plagiarism? • Cheating! • Changing into your own words doesn’t make it your own work! ‘If you misrepresent the work of another as your own and do not acknowledge or give credit to the author, you are guilty of academic dishonesty.’ Pears and Shields, 2005, p 1

  8. Method of citation • Mention author(s) • Date of publication Cole and Kelsey (2003) conclude that…. According to Cole (2001 p 25) ‘the evidence suggests these systems will not continue unless……’

  9. Referencing Conventions(HARVARD) How ? Book Reference: Author(s),. (Date) Title. Edition. Place: Publisher. Nicklin, P., and Kenworthy, N. eds., (2000) Teaching and Assessing in Nursing Practice. 3rd ed. London: Baillière Tindall. Journal Reference: Nicklin, P. (2001) Safety Conscious. Health Management. 5 (5), 24-25.

  10. Referencing Conventions(HARVARD) How to do it • prepare citation in text (check spelling and date!) • Write the reference (or a prompt note) and insert (alphabetically) into reference page • when ‘proof reading’ check each citation in the reference list • keep your references for ‘re-cycling’

  11. In text citations • Just the author or authors’ surnames, NEVER their initials!!! OR just the name of the organisation. • Just the year, NEVER the date, volume/issue number, journal name, WHATEVER!!! • ONLY use page numbers with direct quotations, ie. the exact words that were written on the page

  12. Examples in text citations • Since the 1950s, the number of women who smoke has increased dramatically (Action on Smoking and Health, 2005). • An imperative in wound care is the avoidance of tissue necrosis (Chambers, 1999). • Improvement of critical care has been an important focus for government policy (Department of Health, 2000). • Seconded student nurses felt a greater pressure to perform than their non-seconded peers (Roberts, 2006). • Nurse education abounds with models of care and practice (Seedhouse, 2004). • Obesity is a major contributory factor to the onset of type two diabetes (Williams and Pickup, 2004).

  13. In text citation, further examples • According to figures from Action on Smoking and Health (2005), the number of women who smoke has increased dramatically since the 1950s. • Chambers (1999) states that an imperative in wound care is the avoidance of tissue necrosis. • The Department of Health (2000) maintain that improvement of critical care has been an important focus for government policy. • Roberts (2006) discovered that seconded student nurses felt a greater pressure to perform than their non-seconded peers. • Seedhouse (2004) cautions prospective students that nurse education abounds with models of care and practice. • According to Williams and Pickup (2004), obesity is a major contributory factor to the onset of type two diabetes.

  14. Direct quotation and page numbers • Douglas (1999, p.330) describes how critical incident analysis of significant events in practice ‘dissects the event into a snapshot in time’. • Douglas (1999, p.322) discusses how easy it is not to reflect on our practice: It is all too easy to coast along in our practice, frequently oblivious to the need for minor adjustments or changes. Left unchecked, presumptive and anticipatory action can follow.

  15. Secondary citation in text • Kolb (1984, cited in Knowles et al, 2005) proposed a reflective cycle as the basis of learning from experience. OR • The four steps of the learning cycle (Kolb, 1984, cited in Knowles et al, 2005) are described as concrete experience, observation and reflection, formation of abstract concepts and generalisation, and testing of concepts in new situations.

  16. Secondary references in the reference list • ONLY cite the book you have read – not the original author’s work. So for the citation above, you would only have the following reference: Knowles, M.S., Holton, E.F. and Swanson, R.A. (2005) The Adult Learner. 5th edn. London: Heinemann.

  17. Referencing Exercise Practice at writing references

  18. Referencing Exercise Journal: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Date) Article title. Journal Title, Volume (part), pages. Burnham, J.F.(1994) Information management education forstudents in the health care professions: a coordinated, integrated plan.Medical Reference Services Quarterly. 13(2):45-62.

  19. Referencing Exercise Journal: Author Surname, Author Initial(s). (Date) Article title. Journal Title, Volume (part), pages. Blythe, J., and Royle, J.A. (1993) Assessing nurses' information needs in the work environment. Bulletin of theMedical Library Association. 81(4), p433-5.

  20. Referencing Exercise Journal - Online: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Date) Article title. [format] Journal Title, Place of Publication: Publisher: Available at: <URL> [ Accessed Date]. Drury, R.M. (1997) Considerations in planning a computer learning lab for nursing students. [online] On-Line Journal of Nursing Informatics. Available at: http://cac.psu.edu/~dxm12/OJNI.html [Accessed 25 March 2003]

  21. Referencing Exercise Journal: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Date) Article title. Journal Title, Volume (part), pages. Birx, E., Castleberry, K. and Perry, K. (1996) Integration of laptop computer technology into an undergraduate nursing course. Computers in Nursing. 14(2), p108-12.

  22. Exercise Look at the reference elements below and put them into the correct order: Handbook of Diabetes/ Williams, G/ Blackwell Publishing/ 3rd edn/ Pickup, J.C./ (2004)/ and/ Oxford

  23. Did you get it right? Williams, G. and Pickup, J.C. (2004) Handbook of Diabetes. 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Look closely at the punctuation and italics. Williams, G. and Pickup, J.C.(2004)Handbook of Diabetes. 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

  24. Now, put the correct punctuation into the reference below These are the missing punctuation marks: : : . . . . , , ( ) Seedhouse D 2004 Health Promotion Philosophy Prejudice and Practice 2nd edn Chichester Wiley

  25. Did you get it right? Seedhouse, D. (2004) Health Promotion: Philosophy, Prejudice and Practice. 2nd edn. Chichester: Wiley

  26. Write a reference for this chapter For a chapter • ‘Wound management’ • (1999) • Foundations of Nursing Practice • Macmillan • Chambers, N. • pp. 240-266 • Basingstoke • Hogston, R. and Simpson, P.M. (eds) • in

  27. Write a reference for this journal For a journal article • Nursing Standard • Roberts, D. • ‘Learning experiences of seconded pre-registration nursing students’ • 20 (36) • (2006) • pp. 41-45

  28. answer Chapter Chambers, N. (1999) ‘Wound management’, in Hogston, R. and Simpson, P.M. (eds) Foundations of Nursing Practice. Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 240-266.

  29. answer Journal article Roberts, D. (2006) ‘Learning experiences of seconded pre-registration nursing students’, Nursing Standard, 20 (36), pp. 41-45.

  30. Write a reference for this official document Document • Comprehensive Critical Care: a review of adult Critical Care services • Department of Health • (2000) • London • Department of Health Publications

  31. Write a reference from the internet site Internet site • www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/basic01.htm • (2005) • Action on Smoking and Health • (Accessed: 5 June 2006) • Available at: • Basic Facts One: Smoking Statistics

  32. answer Official Document Department of Health. (2000) Comprehensive Critical Care: a review of adult Critical Care services. London: Department of Health Publications.

  33. answer Internet site Action on Smoking and Health. (2005) Basic Facts One: Smoking Statistics. Available at: http://www.ash.org.uk. (Accessed: 5 June 2006).

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