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Russian Czars: From Ivan to the Romanovs

Explore the rise of Russian czars from Ivan III to the Romanov dynasty, focusing on Ivan IV and Peter the Great. Learn about their conquests, centralization of power, absolute rule, and the transformation of Russia. Discover the iconic St. Petersburg and the influence of Baroque architecture.

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Russian Czars: From Ivan to the Romanovs

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  1. Russian Czars Increase Power From Ivan to the Romanovs

  2. Ivan III (1462-1505) -conquered area around Moscow -liberated Russia from Mongols -centralized Russian gov’t -laid the foundations for absolutism in Russia

  3. Ivan the Terrible *Ivan IV (aka: Ivan the Terrible) 1533-1584 -first Czar or Tsar (“Caesar”) -boyars: Russia’s landowning nobles -wife: Anastasia from the Romanov family -killed in 1560 -began Ivan’s “bad period” -turned against boyars -organized police force to use terror -executed many boyars -1581 killed his oldest son and heir -left his weak second son to rule

  4. Time of Troubles -Ivan V (son of the “terrible”) died w/o an heir -boyars struggled for power -in 1613 representatives elected Michael Romanov as czar (random relative of Anastasia) -began the Romanov dynasty (1613-1917)

  5. Peter the Great *Peter the Great Takes the Throne -1672-1725 -great reformer and absolute ruler -Russia’s differences from Europe: -serfdom -cut off from the Renaissance and the age of Exploration (geography) -Eastern Orthodox rather than Protestant or Catholic

  6. Peter Visits the West *Expedition into Europe was called the “Grand Embassy” -wanted to learn about western culture and industrial techniques -kept his identity a secret (hard to hide when you are 6’7”!) -visited England, Austria, and the Netherlands -inspired by western methods

  7. Peter Rules Absolutely -Westernization: using Western Europe as a model to make Russia stronger -Peter’s reforms -increased his absolute power -brought the Russian Orthodox church under gov’t control -reduced the powers of landowners (Boyars) -hired European officers to modernize the army -imposed heavy taxes -believed in the importance of education -St. Petersburg -new capital along the sea (swamp) -By his death, Russia was a powerful nation

  8. St. Petersburg- Swamp

  9. St. Petersburg-Naval Academy

  10. Baroque Architecture • Absolute Monarchs attempted to display their supreme power with “over-the-top” Baroque palaces. • Many of the absolute monarchs modeled their palaces after Versailles in France

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