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BIG PICTURE: MAKING PROTEINS

Explore how DNA codes for proteins, the importance of proteins in our bodies, and the types and causes of mutations, affecting genetic continuity and evolution.

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BIG PICTURE: MAKING PROTEINS

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  1. BIG PICTURE:MAKING PROTEINS • DNA  RNA  PROTEIN • Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosomes

  2. WHY PROTEINS?? • Proteins are polymers = CHON • Proteins make up ENZYMES, muscles, hair, nails, and code for traits • Amino acids held together by peptide bonds • There are 20 amino acids in nature • Function of the protein depend on the twists and folds

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  5. Mutations • Any mistake or change in the DNA sequence • Accuracy of DNA is important to ensure genetic continuity of new cells and offspring

  6. mutated base 3 types of mutations: • 1. Point mutations: change in ONE DNA base • This would change the meaning of the codon on the mRNA • Example: • THE DOG BIT THE CAT • THE DOG BIT THE CAR = mutation

  7. 3 types of mutations: • 2. Frameshift mutations: a single base is added or deleted from DNA • This would cause every codon to be wrong from that point on in protein coding • Example: • THE CAT ATE THE FAT RAT • THE ATA TET HEF ATR ATT

  8. 3 types of mutations: • 3. Chromosomal mutations: • Affects the entire chromosome • If a chromosome is missing= monosomy • Monosomy on Sex Chromsomes = Turner Syndrome • 45 chromosomes in humans • May involve an extra chromosome = trisomy • Trisomy on Chromosome 21 is Down Syndrome • 47 chromosomes in humans

  9. CAUSES OF MUTATIONS • Mutations can be good, bad or nothing • They are usually random events but…. • Errors in DNA provide the variation that must be present for the evolution of species

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