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Potential and Kinetic Energy

Learn about the concepts of potential and kinetic energy, how to calculate them, and see examples of their applications. Explore the conversion between the two forms of energy and understand their significance.

thomasburns
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Potential and Kinetic Energy

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  1. Potential and Kinetic Energy • Energy: is the ability to do work

  2. Kinetic Energy= the energy an object possesses because of its motion • The amount of Kinetic energy is dependent on the mass of the object in motion and it’s velocity.

  3. VELOCITY Velocity = distance ÷ time Distance = meters Time = seconds

  4. Calculating kinetic energy If we know the mass of an object and its velocity we can determine the amount of kinetic energy possessed by using the following formula: kinetic energy = 1/2 (mass of object)(velocity of object)2 or KE = 1/2 mv2 or KE = 0.5mv2 The SI unit for kinetic energy is the Joule (J). A Joule is kg  m2/s2

  5. A bicycle with a mass of 14 kg traveling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s east has how much kinetic energy? KE = 0.5mv2 = 0.5(14 kg)(3.0 m/s)2 = 0.5(14 kg)(9.0 m2/s2) = 63 kg x m2/s2 = 63 J

  6. A 1200 kg automobile is traveling at a velocity of 100 m/s northwest. What is the kinetic energy of the automobile? KE = 0.5 mv2 = 0.5(1200kg)(100 m/s)2 = 0.5(1200 kg)(104 m2/s2) = 6 x 106 kg  m2/s2 = 6 x 106 J

  7. Potential Energy • The energy of position • The amount of energy contained in an object at rest

  8. Determining Potential Energy • By its position and its weight (mass X gravity) PE = (mass)(gravity)(height) = mgh • where m is mass in kg • g is the force of gravity = 9.8 m/s2 • h is the height • The SI unit that represents potential energy is the Joule (J) (kg  m2/s2).

  9. Examine an example of potential energy A flower pot with a mass of 15 kg is sitting on a window sill 15 meters above the ground. How much potential energy does the flower pot contain? • PE = (mass)(gravity)(height) • = (15 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(15 m) • = 2205 kg  m2/s2 • = 2205 J • = 2.2 x 103J

  10. Examine an example of potential energy • If the flower pot is lowered to a window sill that is 10. m from the ground. Does this change the potential energy of the flower pot? PE = (mass)(gravity)(height) = (15 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(10. m) = 1470 kg  m2/ = 1470 J = 1.5 x 103J

  11. Potential or Kinetic Energy? • Moving car • Tree branch • Bent car fender • Balloon filled with air • Balloon squirting around room • Person inside a moving car

  12. What type of energy does the space shuttle have at lift off?

  13. Conversion of Potential to Kinetic Energy • In this picture both kinds of energy are evident. Can you point them out?

  14. The water at the top has potential energy • When water falls to a lower level, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.

  15. Example

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