Histone Deacetylase Pathway

1. Histone Deacetylase Pathway The orderly regulation of gene transcription is a prerequisite for the maintenance of normal functions of the body's cells. If the transcriptional regulation of the gene is disordered, the cells may become cancerous. Recent studies have found that the occurrence of tumors is closely related to the imbalance between acetylation and deacetylation of core histones. In the organism, a pair of functionally antagonistic proteases is responsible for histone acetylation and deacetylation, namely histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). The body uses these two enzymes to acetylate and deacetylate the nitrogen-terminal amino acid residues of histones, regulate the structure of chromatin, and regulate gene transcription. Studies have shown that histone deacetylase inhibitors can cause accumulation of acetylated nucleosome histones in vitro and in vivo, increase the expression level of p21 gene, inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce cell differentiation or apoptosis, and use the treatment of a variety of malignant blood diseases and solid tumors. Researchers have systematically studied the in vivo and extracellular activities of HDAC inhibitors, and some HDAC inhibitors have entered the clinical research stage. Histone deacetylase family In mammals, 18 histone deacetylases have been discovered. These enzymes are classified into four types, type I histone deacetylase, type II histone deacetylase, type III histone deacetylase, and type IV histone deacetylase. Type I histone deacetylases, including HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8, are highly homologous to Rpd-3 of S. cerevisiae HDAC. Type II histone deacetylases include HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7 and HDAC9, which are highly homologous to the brewer's yeast cell Hda-1. Type III histone deacetylase, also known as deacetylation and is associated with the yeast inhibitor Sir-2. Type IV histone deacetylase, the newly identified histone deacetylase, is homologous to human HDAC11. longevity protein, is NAD-dependent Find more at: https://www.creative-diagnostics.com/histone-deacetylase-pathway.htm