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Crimes Known to Law Enforcement: Using Data from the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to Support Victim Service Providers Erica Smith Chief , Law Enforcement Statistics Unit Bureau of Justice Statistics. Establishing a statistical research program in victim services.
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Crimes Known to Law Enforcement: Using Data from the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to Support Victim Service ProvidersErica SmithChief, Law Enforcement Statistics UnitBureau of Justice Statistics
Establishing a statistical research program in victim services The Bureau of Justice Statistics is partnering with OVC on a statistical research program, based on the substantive priorities identified in Vision 21, such as: • What types of victims are receiving services? • What services are victims receiving? • Where are victim service needs not being met? • How can data support funding allocation decisions that will enable providers to reach victims in need?
Establishing a statistical research program in victim services The goals of the BJS program are to: • address basic questions about the conditions of service provision, across multiple dimensions and by locality; and • track changes in these conditions over time. One important source of data that enables us to meet both of those goals is the FBI’s NIBRS, the National Incident-Based Reporting System.
FBI’s National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) In addition to counts of all crimes and arrests known to law enforcement, NIBRS includes: • the date, time and location of the incident; • demographic information on each victim and offender involved in the incident; • the relationships between each of the victims and the offenders; • other details of the incident, including victim injury, type of weapon involved, alcohol or drug involvement, property loss, and drugs seized; • clearance information, including both arrest and clearances by exceptional means; and • date of arrest and arrestee demographics.
Studying Sexual Assaults using NIBRS Limited information available from traditional sources NIBRS • Information on all sexual violence reported to law enforcement • More detailed categories, not just “forcible rape” as in the traditional UCR crime reporting • Forcible Rape, Forcible Sodomy, Forcible Fondling, Sexual Assault with an Object • Includes data on sexual victimization of children under 12
Examine sexual assault victimizations by the age of the victim
The distribution of sex offense victimizations differs between adults and kids
Violent sexual assault victimization rates are higher for blacks than for whites, regardless of age
Can examine victim-offender relationship in violent sexual assaults by the sex of the victim
Among young victims, females were sexually assaulted by slightly different perpetrators than males
Violent sexual assaults of juveniles known to law enforcement were most likely to occur in a residence
Violent sexual assaults across all ages were most likely to occur from 8am-9am, noon-1pm, and 3pm-4pm
Examine violent sexual assaults by the time of day during which the incidents occur
About one-third (35%) of sexual violence known to law enforcement was cleared
Victimizations involving juveniles under 6 are the least likely to be cleared
How do victimization patterns vary by victim age? • Time of day the incident occurred • Probability that a victim will be victimized by a particular type of offender • offender age • victim-offender relationship • Location of the sexual assault
Types of victimizations committed by strangers, Seattle 2012
Erica SmithIncoming ChiefLaw Enforcement Statistics UnitBureau of Justice StatisticsErica.L.Smith@usdoj.gov(202) 616-3491More information on NCS-X:http://www.bjs.gov/content/ncsx.cfmMore information on NIBRS:http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/nibrshttp://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=301