Who Will Run Reconstruction?

1. Who Will Run Reconstruction? Rebuilding the Government, Economy and Cities of the South

2. Reconstruction Plans • President Lincoln • Pardoning Confederate Officals. • 10% of all eligible voters from each of the Confederate states, must swear an oath of loyalty to the United States government. • Welcomed back into the Union and can organize their state governments. • President Johnson • President should run Reconstruction • Pardoning Confederate Officals. • 10% of all eligible voters from each of the Confederate states, must swear an oath of loyalty to the United States government. • Ratify the 13th Amendment • Welcomed back into the Union and can organize their state governments.

3. Reconstruction Plans • President Johnson • Pardoning Confederate Officals. • 10% of all eligible voters from each of the Confederate states, must swear an oath of loyalty to the United States government. • Ratify the 13th Amendment • Welcomed back into the Union and can organize their state governments. • Radical Republicans • Lead by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner. • Congress should run reconstruction. • No pardon for Confederate Officals. • Majority swear oath of Loyalty • Ratify the 13th Amendment • Pass the Civil Rights Act • Ratify the 14th Amendment • Pass the Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Ratify the 15th Amendment

4. 13th Amendment • Section 1: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. • Section 2: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

5. Civil Rights Act • 1866: Declared that all persons born in the United States were citizens (Except Native Americans). • Johnson vetoed the Bill • Protection of civil rights would lead to the “centralization of the national governement”. • Making African-Americans full citizens would “operate against the white race”. • Congress voted to override the Presidents veto. • Radical Republicans were not satisfied. They wanted equal protection by the Consitution itself.

6. 14th Amendment • Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. • Section 2: Protection of citizens rights. • Section 3: Promises “equal protection of the laws”.

7. Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Divided the South into 5 Military Disctricts • Members of the ruling class before the war, lost their voting rights. • To reenter the Union: • Approve new state constitution that gave the right to vote to all adult men. • Ratify the 14th Amendment.

8. Johnson is Impeached • Johnson and Congress fought over every aspect of reconstruction. • Johnson vetoed every bill passed by Congress. • Congress out voted Johnson and the bill became law. • Tenure of Office Act– the President could not fire government officials without the approval of the Senate. • Johnson fired Edwin Stanton (Secretary of War). • House formally charged Johnson of improper conduct while in office. • Senate tride the case. • Johnson was aquitted by a single vote.

9. 15th Amendment • Section 1: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. • Section 2: The Congress shall power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

10. 15th Amendment • This Amendment was not aimed at just the Southern States. • 16 of the Northern states, Africa-American men could not vote in. (This Amendment, like the 14th Amendment did not apply to Native Americans) • 15th Amendment did not apply to women in the country. * why could they vote when black men—former slaves could. * Elizabeth Cady Stanton, “why should uneducated immigrants and freedmen, who never read the Declaration of Independence make laws for educated white women.”

11. Black Codes • Limitted the freedom of former slaves • Written proof of employment (punishment—work on a plantation) • African Americans could not meet in unsupervised groups. • Carry guns • Had to live where the State or local governments determined (Segregation).