Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History, 1990-2010

1. 35 Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History, 1990-2010

2. Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History, 1990-2010 • The End of the Cold War • The Spread of Democracy • The Great Powers and New Disputes • The United States as Sole Superpower

3. Power, Politics, and Conflict in World History, 1990-2010

4. The End of the Cold War • Factors in Soviet Decline • disintegration • invasion of Afghanistan, 1979 • The Explosion of the 1980s and 1990s • Forced industrialization • environmental problems • infant mortality up • disease

5. The Age of Reform • Mikhail Gorbachev • reforms, 1985 • nuclear reduction • missiles limited • withdraws from Afghanistan • glasnost

6. The Age of Reform • Mikhail Gorbachev • perestroika • foreign investment encouraged • military spending down • new constitution, 1988 • re-elected, 1990

7. The End of the Cold War • Dismantling the Soviet Empire • Eastern Europe • Soviet troops out • Bulgaria • free elections, 1989 • Hungary, Poland • new governments, 1988

8. The End of the Cold War • Dismantling the Soviet Empire • Eastern Europe • Czechoslovakia • new government, 1989 • East Germany • communist leaders out, 1989 • Berlin Wall falls, 1991 • Bulgaria, Romania • communists keep some power

9. The End of the Cold War • Dismantling the Soviet Empire • Ethnic struggles • Yugoslavia breaks apart

10. Post-Soviet Union Russia, Eastern Europe and central Asia

11. Renewed Turmoil in the 1990s • Gorbachev • coup, 1991 • Soviet Union dissolved by late 1991 • resigns • Boris Yeltsin • succeeds Gorbachev • succeeded by Vladimir Putin

12. The Spread of Democracy • Spain, Portugal, Greece • democracies • Latin America • all but Cuba by 2000 • Mexico • non-PRI president • South Korea, Taiwan • democracy expanded

13. The Spread of Democracy • Philippines • new government • South Africa • apartheid ended • Nigeria • democratic government, 1999

14. The Spread of Democracy • Indonesia • end of authoritarian government • Georgia, Ukraine • democratic elections • Uzbekistan • democratization suppressed • Saudi Arabia • local elections

15. The Spread of Democracy • Kuwait • women vote • Palestine • local elections • Egypt • opposition repressed

16. Democracy and its Limits • China, North Korea, parts of Middle East, central Asia • Beijing • demonstrations, 1989, suppressed

17. The Great Powers and New Disputes • The Former Soviet Union • Ethnic conflict • Chechnya • Armenia, Azerbaijan • Czechoslovakia splits • Yugoslavia • Orthodox Serbs • Catholic Croats • Serbs

18. The Great Powers and New Disputes • The Former Soviet Union • Muslim Bosnians • Slovenia, Croatia • independent, 1991 • Serbs attack Croats, Muslims • NATO intervenes • Bosnia-Herzegovina recognized

19. The Great Powers and New Disputes • The Former Soviet Union • Kosovo • NATO involvement • Serbia, Montenegro • replace Yugoslovia

20. The Implosion of Yugoslavia 1991-1999

21. Endemic Conflicts • Iraq and Iran • conflict • Saddam Hussein • Iraq invades Kuwati, 1990 • Persian Gulf War, 1991 • Palestine and Israel • India and Pakistan • Kashmir

22. Ethnic and Other Conflicts: A New Surge • Czechoslovakia • peaceful division • Czech Republic • Slovakia • Chechnya • independence, 1990 • Sudan, Sierra Leone, Liberia

23. Ethnic and Other Conflicts: A New Surge • Rwanda • Hutu-Tutsi rivalry

24. The United States as Sole Superpower • The United States and Other Power Centers • European Union • George W. Bush • Anti-American Terrorism and ResponseSeptember 11, 2001 • "War on Terror" • Afghanistan • Iraq

25. Main U.S. Overseas Military Installations by 2007

26. Global Connections: New Global Standards, New Divisions • End of cold war • Fewer large division • But regional conflicts expand • U.S. as sole superpower • Use of this power questioned • Reactions to the U.S. role