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3 Major Rock Groups

3 Major Rock Groups. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups. Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock. Identifying Rocks. Metamorphic pattern. Sedimentary pattern. Igneous pattern. A. Igneous Rock. - Forms when hot, liquid, rock crystallizes (cools and solidifies). Magma forms 3 ways:

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3 Major Rock Groups

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  1. 3 Major Rock Groups

  2. 3 Major (Geologic) Rock Groups Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

  3. Identifying Rocks Metamorphic pattern Sedimentary pattern Igneous pattern

  4. A. Igneous Rock -Forms when hot, liquid, rock crystallizes (cools and solidifies). Magma forms 3 ways: • Rock is heated • Pressure released • Change composition Holt Online Visual: Comparing Int. & Ext Igneous Rocks Basalt lava (glowing rock) oozes over basalt lava flow

  5. Intrusive Igneous Rock -Forms inside Earth -slow cooling

  6. b. Extrusive Igneous Rock -Forms on surface (exterior) of Earth -Fast cooling

  7. a. Composition of Igneous Rock Fine-grained Course-grained Felsic Rock -Light colored -made of aluminum, potassium, silicon, and sodium. Mafic Rock -Dark colored -Made of calcium, iron, and magnesium. Course-grained Fine-grained

  8. b. Texture of Igneous Rock -Slow cooling forms large crystals. (Coarse-grained Texture) -Fast cooling forms small crystals. (Fine-grained Texture)

  9. -Rate of cooling influences crystal size. Fast cooling = small crystals Slow cooling = large crystals Show Holt Visual: Igneous Rock Texture

  10. Pop Quiz! • What size crystal forms from extrusive rock? • What is one way magma forms? • Generally speaking what color are felsic rocks? 4. Quality of rock based on the size, shape, and arrangement of grains is referred to as… 5. What are the 2 characteristics that geologist study to identify rock:?

  11. Rock ID practice Use the rock key to identify the various rocks on your table: Igneous Rocks • Classified according to composition & texture • Glassy- shiny and look like glass, not organized into crystals. • Ex: obsidian

  12. Fine-grained-made of interlocking crystals. • Ex: basalt BASALT

  13. More Igneous Rocks… Course Grained Texture- Granite

  14. More Igneous Rocks… Porous- no crystals, cools rapidly, looks like a sponge. • Ex: pumice

  15. More Igneous Rocks… Diffferent size crystals locked together

  16. More Igneous Rocks…

  17. Sedimentary Rock Strata layers of rock. Stratification The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers. Holt Visual Sedimentary Rock Cycle

  18. 3 Types of Sedimentary Rock 1. Clastic forms when rock or mineral fragments are cemented together.

  19. 2. Chemical forms when minerals crystallize out of solution, such as sea water, to become rock.

  20. 3. Organic forms from the remains of once-living plants and animals. Ex: Limestone Coal Chalk

  21. Metamorphic Rock -Rocks that have undergone a change in texture, structure, or composition. -Changes in heat and pressure cause rocks to change from one form to another.

  22. Origins of Metamorphic Rock

  23. Contact Metamorphism • Rock undergoes metamorphism when it comes in contact with magma or is heated by nearby magma.

  24. Regional Metamorphism -Pressure builds up in rock that is buried deep below rock formations or when large pieces of rock collide.

  25. Textures of Metamorphic Rock Foliated the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands.

  26. Nonfoliated -The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands.

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