Tuesday January 29, 2013

1. TuesdayJanuary 29, 2013 (Bowen’s Reaction Series)

2. The Launch Pad Tuesday, 1/29/13 • intrusive • Rocks that are formed inside the Earth are called ________________ rocks. • extrusive • Rocks formed on the surface are called _____________ rocks. • Describe how these rocks cooled. • very fast on the surface after releasing gases • slowly far underground • very fast on the surface before releasing gases • quicker nearer the surface

3. The Launch Pad Tuesday, 1/29/13 • Complete the following sentences: • Coarse-textured igneous rocks usually have ______crystals because they cooled ______ underground, which makes them ___________ rocks. • Fine-textured igneous rocks usually have ______ crystals because they cooled _______ above or just underground, which makes them either __________________ rocks. • Glassy-textured igneous rocks usually have _________ crystals because they cooled ___________above ground, which makes them ____________rocks. large slowly intrusive small quickly extrusive or intrusive microscopic very quickly extrusive

4. Announcements Happy Day!

5. Announcements I will be available after school today until 5:00.

7. Recent Events in Science NASA Officially Joins ESA's 'Dark Universe' Mission NASA has joined the European Space Agency's (ESA's) Euclid mission, a space telescope designed to investigate the cosmological mysteries of dark matter and dark energy. Euclid will launch in 2020 and spend six years mapping the locations and measuring the shapes of as many as 2 billion galaxies spread over more than one-third of the sky. It will study the evolution of our universe, and the dark matter and dark energy that influence its evolution in ways that still are poorly understood. "NASA is very proud to contribute to ESA's mission to understand one of the greatest science mysteries of our time," said John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate at the agency's Headquarters in Washington. Read All About It! www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/euclid/news/euclid20130124.html

8. Igneous Rocks Yesterday we learned that there are two criteria for classifying igneous rocks: texture (grain size) and mineral composition. Mineral composition is, of course, the types of minerals that make up the rock. The crystallization of magma is explained by Bowen’s Reaction Series, which shows the order of mineral crystallization. This is influenced by crystal-settling in the magma. Bowen’s Reaction Series is shown on the next slide.

9. Bowen’s reaction series Figure 3.13

10. Bowen’s Reaction Series Magma, with its diverse chemistry, crystallizes over a temperature range of at least 450oC. Therefore, as magma cools, certain minerals crystallize first, at relatively high temperatures. At successively lower temperatures, other minerals crystallize. This arrangement of minerals became known as Bowen’s Reaction Series.

11. Bowen’s Reaction Series The first mineral to crystallize from a mass of magma is olivine. Further cooling results in the formation of pyroxene, as well as plagioclase feldspar. At intermediate temperatures, the minerals amphibole and biotite begin to crystallize.

12. Bowen’s Reaction Series During the last stage of crystallization, after most of the magma has solidified, the minerals muscovite and potassium feldspar may form. Finally, quartz crystallizes from any remaining temperature.

13. Bowen’s Reaction Series In nature, we find that minerals that form in the same general temperature range on Bowen’s chart are found together in the same igneous rocks. For example, the minerals quartz, potassium feldspar, and muscovite (or hornblende) are typically found together as major components of the igneous rock granite.

14. Bowen’s Reaction Series Figure 3.13

15. Figure 3.13

16. Knowledge Check • What is the theme of Bowen’s Reaction Series? • Different minerals crystallize at different temperatures as magma cools.

17. Worksheet Bowen’s Reaction Series