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LAB 8 Fungi

LAB 8 Fungi. Presentations. Three Fungi Groups Zygomycota , Ascomycota, Basidiomycota Three plant groups Coniferophyta , Anthophyta , Bryophyta Presentation needs to emphasize complete life cycle. Interesting fact 75% of the pictures must be ones you took/drew in lab 10 points

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LAB 8 Fungi

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  1. LAB 8Fungi

  2. Presentations Three Fungi Groups Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota Three plant groups Coniferophyta, Anthophyta, Bryophyta Presentation needs to emphasizecompletelife cycle. Interesting fact 75% of the pictures must be ones you took/drew in lab 10 points - 7 for group grade 3 for individual grade Presentation skills.

  3. Cordyceps: attach of the killer fungi • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuKjBIBBAL8 • http://blog.ted.com/2008/05/06/paul_stamets/

  4. What Domain?

  5. SUPERGROUP UNIKONTAKINGDOM FUNGI

  6. Monophyletic • Biosynthetic pathway of Lysine • Chitin in Cell walls • 18s ribosomal DNA sequence

  7. Fungi • Primary Land Decomposers • Across almost all Terrestrial Habitats • About 1 million species and only about 10% described

  8. Reasons to Love Fungi: Citric Acid/ Lemon -produced using Aspergillusniger Bread Rises via Yeast (Saccharomycescerevisiae) Cheese Blue Cheese & Camembert With Penicillium Wine & Beer Fermentation from Yeast Soy Sauce Fermentation from Aspergillus Fungus Amongus!(Good)

  9. European white truffles sell for as much as $3,600 a pound!

  10. Reason to Not Love Fungi: Human Parasites Ringworm Athlete’s Foot Reasons to Love or Hate Fungi?: Corn Smut Ustilagomaydis Eaten in Latin America Called Huitlacoche Not Eaten in U.S. Ruins Crops Toxic Fungi Many Fungi are Poisonous to Humans Can Cause Slight Reaction to Death! Some Species Cause Hallucinations “Psychedelic/Magic Mushrooms” Fungus Amongus!(Not So Good?)

  11. Penicillin Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 from mold: Penicilliumnotatum Nobel Prize Named 100 most important people of the 20th century. Changed the course of history

  12. Bd (ChytridFungs) in Frogs

  13. White nose in Bats Geomycesdestructans • 90% mortality • Grave threat to bats

  14. Hyphae Contain Cell Walls Chitin Pores between cells Heterotrophic (Mostly)Multicellular Basic Structure called Mycelium Composed of Fine Branching Tubes called Hyphae Fungal Characteristics

  15. Absorb Food Osmotrophic Fine Hyphae Increase Absorption Capacity ExternalSecretion of Hydrolytic Enzymes & Acids to Decompose Complex Molecules Food is Broken Down Externally then Absorbed. Nutritional Modes: Saprobes Live on Dead Materials (Decomposers) Parasites Live on Living Organisms (Pathogens) Mutualists Live on Living Organisms but Benefit that Organism Nutrition

  16. General Fungal Growth Pattern: Spores Germinate. Hyphae Emerge. Hyphae Grow & Branch. Hyphae Form a Mycelium. Mycelium Forms a Colony. Colony Produces Spores through Fruitbodies or Fragmentation. Spores→Units of Fungal Propagation General Fungal Growth & Reproduction

  17. General Lifecycle

  18. Reproduction • Haploid spores: produced asexually- conditions habitable, dispersed by wind and water. 2. Sexual spores: involves conjugation in which hyphae of two different strains join. a. plasmogamy: union of cytoplasm b. karyogamy: union of nuclei c.meiosis ---> spores ---> dispersal d. mitosis ----> haploid hyphae

  19. Different Forms of Asexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Produces Haploid(n) Spores Via Fruitbodies or Various Methods of Fragmentation Produced When Environmental Conditions are Good Sexual Reproduction Produces Haploid (n) Spores Compatible hyphae fuse Creates (n + n) hyphae Nuclei fuse (2n) Meiosis Occurs to produce spores in Fruitbodies. Produced When Fungi are under Environmental Stress General Fungal Growth & Reproduction

  20. Separate Mitotic Divisions Greater Genetic Diversity, when Nuclei finally do Fuse & go through Recombinationduring Meiosis, each Meiotic Event will produce a Different Arrangement of the Genome! Why Fungi are Amazing!! Fungal Sexual Reproduction

  21. Today’s Lab focuses on 3 Phyla of Fungi: Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota 3 Phyla are members of “True” Kingdom Fungi. Phyla are separated based on asexual & sexual reproductive structures. 3 Major Phyla of Fungi Basidiomycota Ascomycota Zygomycota

  22. Don’t forget about the Plants!

  23. FUNGUS QUIZ NEXT WEEK • Fungi life cycles • Compare to plant and animal • Main characteristics of the 3 phyla in lab • Be able to identify images • Be familiar with slides and specimens • Things that may apply from previous labs • Analogous vs. homologous structures • Taxonomic hierarchy • Etc…

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