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Lab 8. Chlorophyta, Lichens, Symbiosis. Green Plants. Common name : Green plants Synonyms : Viridiplantae Mode of nutrition : Autotrophic; green chloroplasts (some parasitic members) Habitat : Freshwater, marine, terrestrial Growth habit : Unicellular, filamentous, various multicellular
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Lab 8 Chlorophyta, Lichens, Symbiosis
Green Plants • Common name: Green plants • Synonyms: Viridiplantae • Mode of nutrition: Autotrophic; green chloroplasts (some parasitic members) • Habitat: Freshwater, marine, terrestrial • Growth habit: Unicellular, filamentous, various multicellular • Cell wall: Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins • Undulipodia (“flagella”): Whiplash (2 to 1000+) or none
Green Plants • Food storage: Starch • Clonal reproduction: zoospores, aplanospores, multicellular propagules, vegetative • Sexual reproduction: Unicellular, haploid dominant, diploid dominant, alternation of generations • Included Phyla: Chlorophyta, Hepatophyta, Anthocerophyta, Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Psilotophyta, Sphenophyta, Pterophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Coniferophyta, Gnetophyta, Anthophyta
Chlorophyta • General features of the green plants • Common name: Green algae • Synonyms: None • Habitat: Freshwater, marine, terrestrial • Growth habit: Unicellular, colonial, filamentous, flat sheet, plectenchyma, parenchyma • Undulipodia (“flagella”): two or more whiplash, or none • Clonal reproduction: Mitosis of unicells, zoospores, rarely aplanospores
Chlorophyta • Sexual reproduction: Haploid dominant, diploid dominant, alternation of generations, unicellular; isogamous, anisogamous, oogamous • Representative genera: Chara, Chlamydomonas, Cladophora, Closterium, Gonium, Hydrodictyon, Monostroma, Oedogonium, Pediastrum, Scenedesmus, Spirogyra, Ulva, Volvox • Recognized by: Green plants that are not “land plants” (embryophytes)
APediastrum Chlorophyta
AScenedesmus Chlorophyta
UScenedesmus Chlorophyta
AVolvox Chlorophyta
UVolvox Chlorophyta
ASpirogyra Chlorophyta
USpirogyra Chlorophyta
AOedogonium Chlorophyta
UCladophora Chlorophyta
ACladophora Chlorophyta
DCodium Chlorophyta
DUlva Chlorophyta
AMonostroma or Ulva Chlorophyta
AChara Chlorophyta
Lichens • Fungus and alga • Ascomycota and Chlorophyta most common (all examples in lab) • Autotrophic • Clonal reproduction by soredia or isidia • Sexual reproduction by ascospores, followed by parasitism of free-living algae
P crustose, from Cal Poly Pomona Lichens
AUmbilicaria Lichens
APhyscia Lichens
PAzolla with Anabaena Mutualism
DAzolla with Anabaena Mutualism
D Cycad coralloid roots Mutualism
D Cycad coralloid roots Mutualism