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Sexual Motivation

Sexual Motivation. Introduction. Theories of Motivation. 1.) Drive Theories - We engage in activities to reduce an internal state of tension. How does this relate to sex? 2.) Incentive Theories – External stimuli regulate motivational states

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Sexual Motivation

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  1. Sexual Motivation Introduction

  2. Theories of Motivation • 1.) Drive Theories-We engage in activities to reduce an internal state of tension. • How does this relate to sex? • 2.) Incentive Theories – External stimuli regulate motivational states • In other words, we are motivated by external goals (incentives) • How does this relate to sex?

  3. Human Sexual Response • What happens to us physically during sex • Sexual Response cycle can be divided into 4 stages: • 1.) Excitement Phase • 2.) Plateau Phase • 3.) Orgasm • 4.) Resolution Phase

  4. 1.) Excitement Phase • Level of physical arousal escalates rapidly • Muscle tension, respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure increase • Vasocongestion – engorgement of blood vessels • In males = • In females =

  5. 2.) Plateau Phase • Arousal continues to build, at a slower pace

  6. 3.) Orgasm • Sexual arousal reaches peak intensity and is discharged through series of muscle contractions that pulsate through pelvic area • Male/Female differences • Possible reasons for differences

  7. 4.) Resolution Phase • Physiological changes produced by sexual arousal gradually subside Men Experience Refractory Period- Time during which males are largely unresponsive to further stimulation

  8. Evolutionary Analyses of Human Sexuality • Parental Investment Theory – Refers to what each sex has to invest in terms of time, energy, survival, and risk to produce and nurture offspring • What does theory say about males? • What does theory say about females?

  9. Evolutionary analysis of human sexuality • How would men act if left to own devices? • Females demand long term commitments before consenting to sex • Men- emphasis on youthfulness and attractiveness • Women- Emphasis on intelligence, ambition, education, income, social status

  10. Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) • Ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips • Devendra Singh noticed that males are attracted to WHR of .70 (or “hourglass figure” • What did he do in his study? • Why .70?

  11. Criticism of Evolutionary theory • Class viewpoints • Some researchers believe culture could play a role

  12. Gender Differences in Patterns of Sexual activity • Which gender shows more interest in sex? • Which gender thinks about sex more? • Which gender initiate sex more? • Which gender has more frequent and varied sexual fantasies? • Which gender rates sex drive as higher? • Which gender spends more money on sexual entertainment?

  13. Gender differences in Pattern of Sexual Activity • A research study asked college aged males and females the ideal number of sex partners they would like to have over lifetime • Results: • Males = • Females = • Obvious problem with these self-report studies • “double standard”

  14. Clark and Hatfield Demo

  15. Clark and Hatfield Study • In the first portion of study, average looking men approached college aged female strangers and asked if they would come back to apartment to have sex • In the second portion, average looking women approached college aged male strangers and asked if they would come back to apartment to have sex • What percentage of women said yes? • What percentage of men said yes?

  16. Sexual Orientation • Sexual Orientation- Person’s preference for emotional and sexual relationships with individuals of same sex, other sex, or both sexes. • Most people view it as all or none • Kinsey belief • Why did he believe this?

  17. How common is homosexuality? • No one knows exactly for sure • Reasons for difficulty: • Number of homosexuals seems to comprise about 5-8% of population • Seems more fluid in women

  18. Environmental Theories of Homosexuality • ***Remarkably little support*** • Freud- child becomes homosexual when raised by a weak, ineffectual father who is poor role model and by overprotective mother whom boy identifies. • Behaviorists – Homosexuality is a learned preference

  19. Biological Theories of Homosexuality • 1990’s- Bailey and Pillard studied gay men with a twin or adopted brother: • 52% of identical twins gay • 22% of fraternal gay • 11% of adopted children gay • Other research is suggesting that the organizing effects of prenatal hormones shape sexual development

  20. Question of Choice or not • http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6783732231274736218

  21. Risk Factors of sexual Aggression • Alcohol and substance abuse • Pornography consumption • Negative attitudes towards opposite gender

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