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Warm Up

Warm Up. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper: Make a flow chart diagramming the connections betwee n: DNA, Chromosomes, Chromatin, Histones , Nucleosomes , Sister Chromatids , Centromere , Genes and Loci. The Cell Cycle. Essential Questions.

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper: • Make a flow chart diagramming the connections between: • DNA, Chromosomes, Chromatin, Histones, Nucleosomes, Sister Chromatids, Centromere, Genes and Loci.

  2. The Cell Cycle

  3. Essential Questions • Distinguish the stages of mitosis and meiosis and how each contributes to the production of offspring with varying traits. • How can mitosis and meiosis each contribute to the production of offspring with varying traits?

  4. Phases of the Cell Cycle • Interphase • Mitosis 2A. Prophase 2B. Metaphase 2C. Anaphase 2D. Telophase • Cytokinesis

  5. Phases of the Cell Cycle 1. Interphase: • Longest Phase • Normal, everyday functioning of cell • Broken down into 3 parts: • G1Phase Cell increases in size and synthesizes needed proteins • S Phase  DNA replication occurs, resulting in duplicated chromosomes • G2 Phase  Copies of needed organelles and molecules are produced

  6. Phases of Cell Cycle - Mitosis 2A. Prophase: • Chromosomes become visible • Centrioles begin to separate and take position on opposite sides of nucleus • Spindle fibers help separate chromosomes

  7. Phases of the Cell Cycle - Mitosis 2B. Metaphase: • Quick • Chromosomes line up across the middle of nucleus • Spindle fibers connect to centromere, the center point of chromosome

  8. Phases of Cell Cycle - Mitosis 2C. Anaphase: • Centromeres that join sister chromatids split • Sister chromatids separate and become individual chromosomes • Chromosomes move into two groups on opposite sides of cell

  9. Phases of Cell Cycle - Mitosis 2D. Telophase: • Chromosomes are distinct and condensed • Nuclear membrane begins to reform around each group • Spindle fibers detach • Nucleus becomes visible in each daughter cell

  10. Phases of Cell Cycle • Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm • In Animal Cells  • Cell membrane moves inward until cytoplasm is pinched into 2 equal parts. Each part has its own nucleus, cytoplasm and organelles • In Plant Cells  • A Cell Plate forms midway between the divided nuclei and begins to develop into a separate membrane. A Cell Wall will begin to appear.

  11. Phases of the Cell Cycle

  12. Importance of Mitosis • Growth & Development – • Mitosis produces cells. Producing cells is the basis for development from a single cellular organism to a multicellular organism • Cell Replacement – • In some parts of the body, cells are constantly being removed and replaced by new cells (ie: skin and digestive cells). • Red Blood Cells have a short life span so mitosis will produce new red blood cells

  13. Importance of Mitosis • Regeneration • Some organisms can regrow removed body parts • If a sea stars arm is removed, the arm can be regrown through mitosis • Asexual reproduction • Organisms can choose to create a genetically similar offspring • Asexual reproduction does not result in genetic variation

  14. Work Session • Complete the Mitosis Worksheet • If not finished in class, complete for homework • Due: Thursday, 2/9. • Be prepared to discuss the questions in class.

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