Renaissance, Art and Society

1. Renaissance, Art and Society 10 The Renaissance • WHAT YOU WILL LEARN • At the end of this chapter you should understand ... • What was the Renaissance? • The reasons why the Renaissance began in Italy. • The main features of art, architecture, painting and learning. • The lives of important Renaissance artists, scientists and writers.

2. How do we know about the Renaissance? ART – Examples of paintings, sculpture and architecture as illustrated in this chapter. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE – letters, notebooks and books written by the artists or about them. How do we know about the Renaissance?

3. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? Milan Venice Mantua Ruins of ancient Rome Lucca Florence Siena Papal States Wealth of Italian cities Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? Rome City-states Naples Kingdom of Naples The printing press Fall of Constantinople

4. Differences between Medieval and Renaissance Art Features Themes and Subjects People Materials Perspective Frescoes

5. Differences between Medieval and Renaissance Art – Architecture

6. Differences between Medieval and Renaissance Art – Sculpture

7. Lorenzo de Medici and Patronage • Lorenzo • Florence – centre of the Renaissance • Keen interest in the arts • Loved art and books, music and poetry • Collected ancient manuscripts • Copied manuscripts • Platonic Academy – scholars discussed Greek and Roman authors • Encouraged humanism • Sponsored Botticelli, Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci • School of sculpture • Michelangelo • Paid artists to produce paintings and sculptures, design buildings and tombs

8. Lorenzo de Medici and Patronage What does Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi tell you about patronage?

9. Gutenberg and the Printing Press How did Gutenberg print books?

10. Gutenberg and the Printing Press

11. Leonardo da Vinci – Painter, Sculptor, Scientist What are the features of The Virgin of the Rocks?

12. Leonardo da Vinci – Painter, Sculptor, Scientist What are the features of The Last Supper?

13. Leonardo da Vinci – Painter, Sculptor, Scientist What did Leonardo write about in his notebooks?

14. Leonardo da Vinci – Painter, Sculptor, Scientist What are the features of Mona Lisa?

15. Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Poet and Architect How do these sculptures show Michelangelo’s skill as a sculptor?

16. Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Poet and Architect What are the main features of this painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

17. Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Poet and Architect What are the main features of The Last Judgement?

18. Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Poet and Architect Are these features of classical architecture?

19. Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Poet and Architect Historical debate: Do you agree with Vasari that Michelangelo was the ‘artist who surpasses them all’.

20. Dürer – Artist of the Northern Renaissance Patronage Spread of the Renaissance to Northern Europe Visits by artists to Italy The printing press Renaissance ideas along trade routes

21. Dürer – Artist of the Northern Renaissance Dürer as an engraver

22. Dürer – Artist of the Northern Renaissance What do these paintings tell you about Dürer as a painter?

23. Galileo – Scientist, Astronomer,‘Father of Modern Science’ • Galileo • Pisa-born • Swaying of chandelier in Pisa Cathedral • Pendulum • Professor of Mathematics at Padua University

24. Galileo – Scientist, Astronomer,‘Father of Modern Science’ • The theory of the speed of falling bodies • Use of telescope • Mountains and craters on the moon • Four moons around Jupiter • Sunspots What were Galileo’s discoveries?

25. Galileo – Scientist, Astronomer,‘Father of Modern Science’ Jupiter Jupiter Earth Sun Sun Earth Ancient Greek and Roman view of the universe Copernicus’ view of the universe Why did Galileo come into conflict with the Catholic Church?

26. Renaissance Medicine Surgery William Harvey – circulation of blood Medical Advances Observation experimentation Vesalius, On the Structure of the Human Body The printing press

27. William Shakespeare – Dramatist and Poet • Shakespeare • Stratford-on-Avon • Vernacular • Globe Theatre, London • 38 plays • Tragedies • Comedies • Histories • Sonnets Why is Shakespeare so famous?

28. William Shakespeare – Dramatist and Poet How were Shakespeare’s plays performed?

29. The Influence of the Renaissance Old ideas questioned in all aspects of knowledge New ideas led to the Age of Exploration and the Reformation (see Year 2) Influence of the Renaissance Printing press spreads education and literacy Developments in painting, sculpture and architecture: perspective, sfumato, classical architecture New knowledge discovered in science, medicine and geography