20 th Century US History

1. 20th Century US History UNIT SIX – The Cold War

2. UNIT 6, LESSON 1 AGENDA • Review missing work • Tests Back – What do I well? What could have been better? • Lecture – The Cold War: An Introduction • Note check • HW: Read pages 89-92, Complete the Graphic Organizer on page 93

3. What am I missing??Where can I find it?? (WIKI) • Lukas – nothing • Caroline – Test 5, Chronology of War pg. 59, Paragraph Chapter 3 • Ryan D – nothing • Sam – Paragraph Chapter 3 • Cody – Holocaust Movie Notes • John – Nothing

4. The Cold War • “The enemy of my enemy is my friend” • True? • During WWII – the US and USSR do not trust one another • Goal of a workers’ revolution in capitalistic countries • During WWII – USSR is a valuable ally • ¾ of German soldiers fight on the Russian Front • Soviets lose an estimated 25 million people • Stalin mad at the other allies for delaying D-Day – why?

5. The Cold War • Yalta Conference • February 1945 • Allies (Big 3) make wartime agreements to keep peace after the war • Temporary division of Germany and Berlin • USSR promises to allow democracy in eastern Europe • Do they keep this promise? Churchill quote on page 90 • Iron Curtain

6. The Cold War • Iron Curtain • Where? • Why? • When?

7. The Cold War • How should the US have responded? • The expansionistic policies of the Soviet Union causes stress in the US. • Three different strategies throughout the Cold War (1945-1991) • Neo-Isolationism • Containment • Liberation and Nuclear Brinksmanship

8. The Cold War – Neo-Isolationism • Secretary of Commerce Henry Wallace • Believed the US had no business meddling with Eastern Europe • Soviets can “socialize” their sphere of influence, just as the US democratizes its own • Wanted cooperation • Fired by Truman

9. The Cold War - Containment • George Kennan • US ambassador to the Soviet Union • Wants to contain Soviet expansionism • Wants the USSR to adjust to the US-led state of affairs • Strategic conflict at shifting geographical points

10. The Cold War – Nuclear Brinksmanship • Eisenhower’s Secretary of State John Foster Dulles • Opposed containment, controversial figure • Liberation and nuclear brinksmanship • Wants an aggressive policy • Take risks for peace • Use the atom bomb to get to the “brink of war” but skillfully avoid it.

11. UNIT 6, LESSON 2 AGENDA • Do Now Activity • HW Review • Student Exercise p. 94 • HW: Write a paragraph on one of the events on 93, fully explaining both perspectives.

12. Do Now

13. UNIT 6, LESSON 3 AGENDA • Do Now/HW Check • Lecture – The Berlin Blockade • Note check • Group Read: pages 100-101 • Start HW: Paragraph Prompt on Page 101

14. A Divided Germany • What happened to Germany after the War?? • Options. It could be… • Divided among the winning Allies • Allowed to reunite as one country • Forced to pay for damage from the war • Or not. • These issues were discussed at the _____ and _____ Conferences during the war. • It was decided there that Germany and Berlin would be temporarily divided among the Allies and that the USSR would allow the US free passage to Berlin

15. A Divided Germany • Where is Berlin? • Why does thatmatter? • What was theSoviet promise?

16. A Divided Germany • US and UK wanted to unify Germany, USSR did not • USSR sets up a pro-Soviet communist gov’t in their zone • US and GB encourage a pro-Western democratic gov’t in their zones • In 1948, the US and UK try to introduce a new currency in their zones and in Berlin • Soviets were outraged – why?? • Stalin orders all access from the west to Berlin cut off

17. Crisis • 2,000,000 pro-Western, anti-communist Germans lived in West Berlin and depended on the West for food and fuel • 6,000 American soldiers occupy West Berlin • Blockade=crisis!!!! • Options • 1. • 2. • 3.

18. Option 1 - Brinksmanship • Use tanks to force a convoy through East Germany and into Berlin • Risks – • confrontation with the Soviets, who outnumbered the Allies 17 to 1 • OR use of nuclear weapons • Soviets didn’t have any yet • World revulsion

19. Option 2 - Containment • Fly over East Germany and supply West Berlin by air • Benefit: Soviets don’t want to risk escalation, and thus will allow the airlift • Problem: Not enough planes, would take a lot of work, planes could be shot down

20. Option 3 – Isolationism • Whatever, dude, like we even care about West Berlin. We’ll stop the currency reform if you just chill out. • Problem: allows West Berlin to fall into Soviet hands, inaction by the West could encourage more Soviet aggression

21. UNIT 6, LESSON 4 • Do Now/HW Check – Read aloud paragraphs. • The Korean War – Group QUACK • Start HW: Complete the Graphic Organizer on page 115

22. UNIT 6, LESSON 5 • Surprise Binder Check • Must have Berlin Blockade Notes, Test 5, Holocaust Movie Worksheet • Review HW (Graphic Organizer) • Korea Debate • HW: Study for QUIZ!

23. BINDER CHECK • Check plus – your binder has four sections (class notes, handouts, homework, old quizzes & tests), and has these three things: • Korean War Notes, Test 5, Holocaust Movie Worksheet • Check – your binder doesn’t have sections, but has everything required • Check minus – your binder is disorganized and you can’t find what you need • Zero – you have no binder

24. THE KOREAN WAR – Debate Question • Two groups – Isolationism v. Brinksmanship • Prepare your argument • Debate • 3 minute statement per team • 1 minute response per team

25. UNIT 6, LESSON 6 • Take Quiz 6.1 – 25 minutes only! • Lecture – McCarthyism • Note Check • HW: QUACK pages 143-147, Graphic Organizer on page 148

26. Korea – What happened?? • North Korean forces invade South Korea in 1950 • First armed conflict of the Cold War • The USA (88%) and UN (12%) decide to defend ROK • The “Allies” quickly push the North Koreans back across the 38th Parallel, but then the Chinese enter the war and fighting continues • Proxy War • Fighting continues until 1953, armistice establishes the DMZ

27. The Korean War

28. McCarthyism • “The Red Scare” • 1950-1954 • Thousands of Americans were accused of being Communists or communist sympathizers • Union Leaders • Entertainers • Government Officials • Communism PSA

29. McCarthyism

30. McCarthyism • Hollywood Blacklist • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • Term now means “reckless and unsubstantiated claims on a person’s character for one’s own gains” • Army-McCarthy Hearings • Censure of Senator McCarthy

31. UNIT 6, LESSON 8 • Movie: Twilight Zone and Paranoia • Complete worksheet • HW: Finish worksheet

32. UNIT 6, LESSON 9 • Do Now- Twilight Zone Questions • Lecture – “McCarthy & McCarthyism” • Now Work – Graphic Organizer page 148 • HW: Read pages 150-152 and complete the Paragraph Prompt page 152 • “Do you think that Hiss was guilty of perjury and that his position in the State Department supported Senator McCarthy’s charge that the U.S. government was riddled with members of the Communist Party?”

33. McCarthy & McCarthyism • Joseph McCarthy • 1950 – faces reelection, has bad reputation • How can he “stir the pot”?? • Was McCarthy a patriot concerned about the US gov’t? • Or was he an irresponsible and selfish fraud machine? • Wheeling, West Virginia • What did he say here? • Read aloud from page 143 • Is America losing the Cold War?? • Speech causes a sensation. • Why?

34. McCarthy & McCarthyism • What about this list?? • It was 3 years old and cited unproved allegations against many people who no longer even worked for the State Department • Response to “exaggerated claims” • The supposed number of communists was frequently changed • McCarthy tended to “trump up” unproved allegations with inference and sarcasm • After the speech, McCarthy was still unable to name one communist who had influenced American foreign policy…

35. McCarthy & McCarthyism • So he comes up with a name – Owen Lattimore • Regular employee of the State Dept. • Had a good record until an admitted ex-communist testified to Congress that Lattimore was disloyal • McCarthy’s reputation greatly improves • The Tydings Committee investigated McCarthy’s claims and called his accusations a hoax • Just the same, opposing McCarthy was political suicide • Why? • Gives steam to the Republic Party in 1952, who accused Democrats of “shielding traitors to the nation in high places” and of studying at Acheson’s “College of Cowardly Communist Containment”

36. McCarthy & McCarthyism • Results of the “witch hunt” • Private citizens continue the hunt for communists • State Dept employees were fired • Anyone wanting a gov’t job needed to take an oath • Books were removed from local libraries by vigilantes • Hollywood Blacklist • McCarthy’s Blunders • 1. Questioned the loyalty of soldiers in the US Army • 2. TV hearings revealed his brutal questioning of suspects • The end: he lost public support, got censured, died as a result of heavy drinking in 1957

37. UNIT 6, LESSON 10 • Do Now – Read aloud “Hiss Paragraphs” • Lecture – The Cuban Missile Crisis • Note Check • Start HW: QUACK 161-165, Answer Student Exercises #3, page 166, on a separate sheet of paper

38. UNIT 6, LESSON 11 • Do Now – Responses to Question #3 • Group Read – page 167 • Discussion – Did JFK do the right thing? • Catch-up time • HW: Catch-up on homework, binder check next class

39. UNIT 6, LESSON 12 • Binder Check • Do Now (notecard review) • Lecture – The Cold War Ends • Note Check • Start HW: QUACK pages 173-177, Student Exercises on page 178

40. UNIT 6, LESSON 13 • Big Do Now – Graphic Organizer page 179 • “For Further Consideration” Page 180 • Test Review • HW: Study for Test on Chapters 6-12 (not including 9)