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Mongol Domination in China

Mongol Domination in China. 1279-1368. The Yuan Empire 1279-1368. Khubilai Khan understood and practiced Chinese traditions of government. He constructed a Chinese style capital at Beijing and a summer capital at Shangdu , where he and courtiers could practice riding and shooting

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Mongol Domination in China

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  1. Mongol Domination in China 1279-1368

  2. The Yuan Empire 1279-1368 Khubilai Khan understood and practiced Chinese traditions of government. He constructed a Chinese style capital at Beijing and a summer capital at Shangdu, where he and courtiers could practice riding and shooting When the Mongols came to China it was politically fragmented. The Mongols unified China and preserved the characteristic features of Chinese government. Mongols also made some innovations on government: tax farming, Muslims as officials, defined status groups defined in terms of race and function. Under the Yuan system Confucians had a relatively weak role, while the status of doctors and merchants was elevated.

  3. The Yuan Empire Under Mongol rule China’s cities and ports prospered, trade recovered , and merchants flourished Merchants organized corporations. Urban culture developed – including popular entertainment, vernacular literature, and the Mandarin dialect of Chinese developed. Rural areas Mongols overtaxed farmers and encouraged irrigation

  4. Yuan Empire During the Yuan period China’s population declined by perhaps as much as 40%, with northern China seeing the greatest loss. Yangzi Valley increased population Possible reasons: warfare, flooding of the Yellow River, north-south migration, spread of diseases including the bubonic plague in the 1300s

  5. Cultural and Scientific Exchange Good relations between China and Il-Khan (Iran) led to shared intellectual pursuits. During this period Iranian astronomical knowledge, algebra, trigonometry, and Islamic and Persian medical texts, seeds and formulas were brought to China

  6. The Fall of the Yuan Empire 1368 – The Chinese leader Zhu Yuanzhang brought an end to years of chaos and rebellion when he overthrew the Mongols and established the Ming Empire The Mongols continued to hold power in Mongolia, Turkestan, and Central Asia and were a threat to the Ming The Ming Empire was also threatened by the Jurchens of Manchuria. The Jurchens were influenced by the Mongolian culture and posed a threat to the Ming in the 1400s

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