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Solubility of organic compound organic chemistry II lab

Solubility of organic compound organic chemistry II lab . Solubility of organic compound. Solubility:

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Solubility of organic compound organic chemistry II lab

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  1. Solubility of organic compoundorganic chemistry II lab

  2. Solubility of organic compound Solubility: • Solubility is a characteristic physical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated solution

  3. Solubility of organic compound Solute: • Any substance that is dissolved in a liquid or gas substance (solvent) to create a solution Solvent: • A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution.

  4. Solubility of organic compound Solubility rules: • That simple rule is “like dissolves like” and it is based on the polarity of the systems i.e. polar molecules dissolve in polar solvents (e.g. water, alcohols) • and non-polar molecules in non-polar solvents (e.g. the hydrocarbon hexane). This is why ionic compounds like table salt (sodium chloride) or compounds like sugar, dissolve in water but not most organic solvents. • The polarity of organic molecules is determined by polar bonds1 due to the presence of electronegative atoms (e.g. N, O) in polar functional groups such as amines (-NH2) and alcohols (-OH )

  5. Solubility of organic compound Solubility rules: • As the percentage of the hydrocarbon portion increases, water solubility decreases and ether solubility increases.

  6. Solubility of organic compound Solubility rules: • Generally, solubility of a substance is inversely related to its melting point: high melting point –low solubility. Solubility of organic compound

  7. Solubility of organic compound Solubility rules: • In general, an increase in molecular weight leads to an increase in intermolecular forces in a solid and decreased solubility. Similarly, glucose vs. starch or cellulose, and amino acids vs. proteins

  8. Solubility of organic compound Solubility rules: • Compounds having a branched chain is more soluble than the corresponding straight-chain compound. Branching lowers intermolecular forces and decreases intermolecular attraction. Note: (Intermolecular Forces of Attraction - Forces of attraction that exist between molecules(

  9. Solubility of organic compound Solubility rules: • The position of the functional group in the carbon chain also affects solubility.

  10. Solubility of organic compound Solubility Classification:

  11. THE END

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