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Solubility of organic compounds

Organic chemistry A Chapter 7 Role of the solvent By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza. Solubility of organic compounds.

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Solubility of organic compounds

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  1. Organic chemistry AChapter 7Role of the solventBy Prof. Dr.Adel M. AwadallahIslamic University of Gaza

  2. Solubility of organic compounds

  3. Protic and aprotic solventsProtic solvents are solvents containing hydrogen that is attached to oxygen or nitrogen. They solvate cations through unshared pairs, and anions throaugh hydrogen bondingExamples : water, methanol, ethanol , acids

  4. Aprotic solvents: Solvents that do not contain acidic hydrogens, They dissolve ionic compounds chiefly through their solvation of cations. The positive charge of the solvent is buried within the molecule

  5. Effect of protic solvents in SN1 Reactions

  6. Effect of protic solvents in SN2 Reactions

  7. SN2 reactions (with negative nucleophiles) in aprotic solvents go as much as a million times faster than in alcohol or an alcohol-water mixture

  8. The SN2 reaction: Phase-transfer catalysis

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