The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland

1. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland Lithuanian Cartography and National Geographical Education before 1914 Vytautas Petronis Dpt. Of Central and East European Studies v.petronis@lbss.gla.ac.uk

2. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland Administrative-territorial division of the North Western provinces and the neighbouring territories (after 1867)

3. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland • The “ETHNIC” criterion referred to the space where the Lithuanian language was still spoken; • The “ETHNOGRAPHIC” criterion designated a much greater territory – it was based primarily on the historical and material (i.e. ethnographical) culture and less on the language.

4. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland • NUCLEUS and its PERIPHERIES, “which due to economic, cultural, national or other reasons are attracted to this nucleus and [whose] inhabitants wish to be part of it” (“Memorandum” 1905)

5. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland 1. ABSENCE OF BORDERS A. Maciejauskas’ “A Map of the Lithuanian-Latvian Country” (St. Petersburg: 1900)

6. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland 4 2 3 1 4 4 “Ethnic” and “Ethnographic” / “Nucleus and Peripheries”

7. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland A. Maciejauskas “A Map of Lithuania” (Riga: 1905)

8. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland P. Matulionis “A Map of Lithuania and its Peripheries” (1906 (1909?))

9. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland 2. BORDERED TERRITORY P. Vileišis’ “Lithuania proper” (Lietuva tikroji) (1898)

10. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland A. Smetona “R. D’Erckert’s Map of the Lithuanian Ethnography from the Year 1863” (1914)

11. The Ways to Perceive a Fatherland 3. SCIENTIFIC / ETHNIC V. Verbickis“A Map of Lithuania with Ethnographic Boundary” (1911)