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Blood

Blood. Artery. White blood cells. Platelets. Red blood cells. Function of Blood. Deliver O2 Remove metabolic wastes Maintain temperature, pH, and fluid volume Protection from blood loss- platelets Prevent infection- antibodies and WBC Transport hormones. The Blood. plasma. 55%.

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Blood

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  1. Blood Artery White blood cells Platelets Red blood cells

  2. Function of Blood • Deliver O2 • Remove metabolic wastes • Maintain temperature, pH, and fluid volume • Protection from blood loss- platelets • Prevent infection- antibodies and WBC • Transport hormones

  3. The Blood plasma 55% 45% formed elements

  4. Blood Plasma Components- 55% 90% Water 8% Solutes: • Proteins Albumin (60 %) Alpha and Beta Globulins Gamma Globulins fibrinogens • Gas • Electrolytes

  5. Blood Plasma Components • Organic Nutrients Carbohydrates Amino Acids Lipids Vitamins • Hormones • Metabolic waste CO2 Urea

  6. Formed Elements of the Blood- 45% • Erythrocytes (red blood cells) • Leukocytes (white blood cells) • Thrombocytes (platelets)

  7. Erythrocytes

  8. Erythrocyte7.5m in dia ·Anucleate- so can't reproduce; however, repro in red bone marrow ·Hematopoiesis- production of RBC ·Function- transport respiratory gases ·Hemoglobin- quaternary structure, 2  chains and 2  chains ·Lack mitochondria. Why? ·1 RBC contains 250 million hemoglobin molecules ·Men- 5 million cells/mm3 ·Women- 4.5 million cells/mm3 ·Life span 100-120 days and then destroyed in spleen (RBC graveyard)

  9. Hemoglobin

  10. RBC Diseases Anemia- when blood has low O2 carrying capacity; insufficient RBC or iron deficiency. Factors that can cause anemia- exercise, B12 deficiency

  11. RBC Diseases Sickle-cell anemia- • HbS results from a change in just one of the 287 amino acids in the  chain in the globin molecule. • Found in 1 out of 400 African Americans. • Homozygous for sickle-cell is deadly, but in malaria infested countries, the heterozygous condition is beneficial.

  12. Genetics of Sickle Cell Anemia Genetics of Sickle Cell Anemia

  13. RBC Diseases • Polycythemia- excess of erythrocytes,  viscosity of blood; 8-11 million cells/mm3 Usually caused by cancer; however, naturally occurs at high elevations • Blood doping- in athletesremove blood 2 days before event and then replace it- banned by Olympics.

  14. Types of Leukocytes 4,000-11,000 cells/mm 3 Never let monkeys eat bananas Granulocytes Neutrophils- 40-70% Eosinophils- 1-4% Basophils- <1% Agranulocytes Monocytes- 4-8% Lymphocytes- 20-45%

  15. Lymphocyte Eosinophil Basophil platelet Neutrophil Monocyte

  16. ID WBC’s

  17. Blood Cell Production

  18. Leukocyte Squeezing Through Capillary Wall

  19. WBC Diseases Lukemia- too high WBC Leukocytosis- suppresses normal bone marrow function; abnormally high WBC Leukopenia- too few WBC; commonly induced by drugs, and anticancer agents Mononucleosis- highly contagious viral disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus; excessive # of agranulocytes; fatigue, sore throat, recover in a few weeks

  20. Platelet Plug Clotting Factors Hemostasis- stoppage of bleeding Platelets: 250,000-500,000 cells/mm3 Tissue Damage

  21. Hemostasis: • Vessel injury 2. Vascular spasm 3. Platelet plug formation 4. Coagulation

  22. Clotting Factors thromboplastin Prothrombin Thrombin Fibrinogen Fibrin Hemostasis(+ feedback) Traps RBC & platelets Platelets release thromboplastin

  23. Blood Clot RBC Platelet Fibrin thread

  24. Blood Types Type A Type B Type AB Type O

  25. Blood Typing Blood type is based on the presence of 2 major antigens in RBC membranes-- A and B Blood type Antigen Antibody A A anti-B B B anti-A A & B AB no anti body Neither A or B O anti-A and anti-B Antigen- protein on the surface of a RBC membrane Antibody- proteins made by lymphocytes in plasma which are made in response to the presence of antigens. They attack foreign antigens, which result in clumping (agglutination)

  26. b b b b b b b Type A Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

  27. a a a a a a a Type B Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

  28. b b b a a b a Type O Y Y Y b Y b Y Y Y Y Y a b Y Y Y Y Y a a a

  29. Type AB

  30. Rh Factor and Pregnancy RH+ indicates protein RH+ indicates protein RH- indicates no protein

  31. Rh Factor and Pregnancy Rh+ mother w/Rh- baby– no problem Rh- mother w/Rh+ baby– problem Rh- mother w/Rh- father– no problem Rh- mother w/Rh- baby-- no problem RhoGAM used @ 28 weeks

  32. Blood Type & Rh How Many Have It Frequency O Rh Positive 1 person in 3 37.4% O Rh Negative 1 person in 15 6.6% A Rh Positive 1 person in 3 35.7% A Rh Negative 1 person in 16 6.3% B Rh Positive 1 person in 12 8.5% B Rh Negative 1 person in 67 1.5% AB Rh Positive 1 person in 29 3.4% AB Rh Negative 1 person in 167 .6%

  33. INQUIRY • What is an erythrocyte, leukocyte, and thrombocyte? • What 2 things do red cells lack compared to white cells? • What dietary component is needed for the production of red blood cells? • The largest cells in the blood that leave the bloodstream to become macrophages are ____. • In an acute infection, the white cell count would show as ______. • Erythroblastosis fetalis , also known as hemolytic newborn disease, occurs in ____ mothers carrying ____ fetuses. • What antigens and antibodies found on AB red cells? • In a transfusion, what type blood can you give a type O person?

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