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G LOBA L C ONSULTING L EADERS S YMPOSIUM. December 5-7, 2007. History of Globalization. United States Agriculture, Mining Activity Year Trade as % of Output % Economic Activity % Employment
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GLOBAL CONSULTING LEADERS SYMPOSIUM December 5-7, 2007
History of Globalization United States Agriculture, Mining Activity Year Trade as % of Output % Economic Activity % Employment 1900 17.0 20.8 40.2 • 14.1 20.3 34.4 • 23.8 18.5 30.4 1930 11.0 12.6 28.4 • 9.0 12.0 19.2 • 10.1 7.8 9.1 • Decline in globalization corresponds to decline in commodity production & rise of the complex manufacturing • Industry composition is critical to impact of globalization
Trends in Employment –United States Year Agriculture, Manufacturing Services mining • 1960 8.8 26.1 65.1 • 1970 5.1 24.8 70.1 • 1980 4.4 22.1 73.5 • 1990 3.3 18.0 78.7 • 1998 3.0 15.8 81.2
Productivity Growth In the Services(Basic Issues) *Growth in Achieved Potential far outweighs growth in Potential as a source of Productivity Growth* EVIDENCE - Large differences among units in Best vs. Average practice - Episodic nature of productivity growth/ cost reduction (no gain -> high gain -> slippage) - Higher vs. Lower Level gaps in Productivity growth - Experience in manufacturing - Special instances of potential revealed - Case studies (no significant labor, capital, R & D inputs)
Managerial, Professional 1983 2001Change Managers, Executives 10,772 20,338 +89% Teachers, Librarians 4,368 6,065 +39% Nurses, Health Profiles 1,900 3,052 +61% Scientists 820 2,685 +227% Writers, Artists, Entertainers 1,675 2,336 +39% Architects, Engineers 1,675 2,336 +39% Social Worker, Soc. Sci Works 1,092 1,903 +72% Doctors, Dentists 735 1,090 + 48% Lawyers 651 966 +48% Total 23,592 41,894 +78%
An Aide on that Giant Sucking Sound of Jobs Going to Mexico Manufacturing Jobs (% of changes 1980-91) Consumption of Manufacturing in U.S. +31% Production of Manufactures in U.S. +25% Lose of demand to Net Imports 6% Production of Manufacturers in U.S. +25% Manufacturing employment in U.S. (9%) Loss of jobs to Productivity Growth 34% Fraction of Jobs in Manufacturing Lost Overseas: 6% / (34% + 6%)= 15%