Renewable Energy Resources Connection aspects, related studies and international code amendment practice

1. Renewable Energy ResourcesConnection aspects, related studies and international code amendment practice Eng. Khaled .H. Al-Walidi Electric Interconnection Expert National Electric Power Co. (NEPCO) Eng. Issa .I. Sleehat Transmission Planning Engineer/ System Planning dep. National Electric Power Co. (NEPCO)

2. INTRUDUCTION • As the energy industry moves forward, the use and research into renewable energy resources (RERs) have expanded significantly. Whether it is wind, biomass, or solar, the industry is seeking ways to connect, breakthroughand integrate the newest technologies into their power systems. • As the fuel price and environmental concerns grow, these generation technologies have proven to be an efficient and fiscally sound alternatives for the energy industry.

3. INTRUDUCTION connection of (RERs G) capacity can have a serious effect on the system reliability and power quality. This is caused by the complicated control problem that is introduced onto the system due to a two-source, one-load situation. Moreover, reliability and faults from other parts of the grid, far from the RERs G site can result to operating problems for the RERs G unit. .

4. Master Strategy of Energy Sector in JordanIn renewable energy domain Energy sector strategy has provided for reaching a contribution percentage for renewable energy in total energy mix of about 7% by the year 2015 and 10% by the year 2020. • Wind: 500 MW up to year 2015. 1200 MW up to year 2020. • Solar: 600 MW up to year 2020. • Bio : (20-50) MW up to year 2020.

5. Planned Wind Power Generation Capacity

6. Master Strategy of Energy Sector in JordanIn renewable energy domain Projects under implementation • wind project in Kamsha (30-40) MW (negotiation). • wind project in Fujaij (grant submitted by GEF) – 70-100 MW (bidding) • 1 MW solar project (Spanish grant). • Maan solar project – 100 MW (feasibility study phase) • Haraneh solar project – 20 MW (BOO) (under evaluation)

7. Master Strategy of Energy Sector in JordanIn renewable energy domain • Complete the studies necessary for the thermal solar energy projects (300-600) MW. • Expand in the use of the solar cells systems to lighting remote areas and in domestic, industrial and commercial uses and electricity generation. • Carry out electricity generation project from the municipal wastes in coordination with GAM and concerned bodies. • Focus search and study on the biogas fuel (Brazilian experience) to be used in covering industrial needs and transport sector.

8. Master Strategy of Energy Sector in JordanIn renewable energy domain • Create a fund to aid renewable energy projects (and energy rationalization) so that resources of the fund are through: • Treasury allocations. • Environment fund (CDM). • Amounts from Jordan country project fund and within available potential. • External aids from donors (French agency, German construction bank, Japanese agency…etc). • GEF through World Bank. • Any other sources that can be proposed.

9. INTERCONNECTION ASPECTS The connection of these generation capacities on the national networks (Distribution & transmission) has gained significant attention in the past few years as energy industries is seeking for feasible ,effectivesolutions and public relations regulation actsthat define the rights and responsibilities of all parties .

10. INTERCONNECTION ASPECTS Standard interconnection rules needed for:- • Encourage the application by reducing uncertainty. • establish clear and uniform processes and requirements for connecting to the electric utility grid • ensure that the project interconnection meets the safety and reliability needs of both the energy end-user and the utility. • ensure that the costs of interconnection are the same throughout the country.

11. INTERCONNECTION ASPECTS Standard interconnection rules address the application process and the technical requirements for interconnecting RERs projects of a specified type and size with the electric grid . Include some or all parts of the interconnection process, starting from when a potential customer considers submitting an application up to the time when the interconnection agreement is finalized.

12. Applicant submits completed application form NO YES Request complete Request complete NO YES Study Process RERs G unit < 2 MW? NO YES Apply the screens for “Fast Track” Customer agrees to pay for any needed upgrades? NO Project passes the fast track screens YES NO YES Withdraw interconnection request Sign interconnection agreement YES Construction, commissioning and testing; operation

13. RER G < 2 MW, meets key codes and standards, meets certification of small generation equipment package NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES Addition of RER G shall not allow generation on circuit to exceed 15% of the line section annual peak load NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Fast Track Screening Process YES RER G project, along with other generation on circuit, shall not contribute more than 10% to the maximum fault current NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES Addition of the DG project shall not cause any protective devices to exceed 87.5% of the short circuit interrupting Capability NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES Sign interconnection agreement Go to Study Process YES Construction, commissioning and testing; operation NO

14. TSP/DSP Customer Meeting STUDY PROCESS Minimum engineering review Study required System upgrade required Facilities study upgrade substantial? System impact study No study required Yes No Project not feasible Upgrade contract Project rejected Upgrade system No system upgrade required Project approved Execute Interconnection Agreement Install system, certificate of completion, inspection, commissioning test Parallel operation

15. Tech. Concerns with Integrating Renewables • Penetration • Affected by utilities' existing generation mix regulating capabilities, load characteristics, resource availability, and correlations between system load and resources. • Additional systems costs imposed by variability and uncertainty may go up with increasing penetration. • Costs are moderate – up to 20-30% Penetration – and depend on balancing authority and market structure

18. Tech. Concerns with Integrating Renewables • Infrastructure Capacity • Lack of transmission capacity from stranded renewable resources locations. • Variable and uncertain generation Solved by • Spatial diversity of the resource. • Flexible conventional generation. • Grid operations and control areas. • Limited curtailment for extreme events • And at high penetrations possibly storage

19. Lack of transmission capacity

20. INTERC. Standards and Certification Criteria IEEE 1547 Series Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (including use of IEEE 1547.1 testing protocols to establish conformity) . IEEE1547.1 Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems. IEEE P1547.2 Draft Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems.

21. INTERC. Standards and Certification Criteria IEEE 1547.3 Guide For Monitoring, Information Exchange, and Control of Distributed Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems. IEEE 1547.4 Draft Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems. IEEE 1547.5 Draft Technical Guidelines for Interconnection of Electric Power Sources Greater than 10MVA to the Power Transmission Grid

22. INTERC. Standards and Certification Criteria IEEE1547.6 Draft Recommended Practice For Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary Networks National Electrical Codes UL 1741 for equipment certification such as Inverters, Converters, and Controllers for Use in Independent Power Systems

23. GRID CODES Grid Codes are designed to cover all technical aspects relating to the connection, operation and use of the transmission system. but the existing grid code requirements may be impossible or irrelevant with respect to the physical aspects and technical capabilities of these generation plants. Many countries are now expending substantial efforts and resources to update their grid codes (in addition to the standard periodic review and revision process) to incorporate realistic and practical (both technically and economically) provisions for RER generation

24. GRID CODES Current versions of grid codes and connection requirement documents contain detailed specifications on aspects including, but not limited to, the following:- • Operational control (start-up, shut-down, power ramp rates) • Power cap & constraints/curtailment • Voltage and frequency operating ranges • Frequency regulation • Reserve • Reactive power capability and voltage control • Fault ride through • Protection

25. RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations for reducing the obstacles for RERs generators embedded in the interconnection process fall into two categories:- • Modifications to interconnection policies and procedures, which would reduce frustrations experienced by generators awaiting interconnection; and • Modifications to transmission planning processes, which would make critical interconnection information available to potential generators ahead of time, enabling preliminary analysis to be completed prior to beginning the interconnection process.

26. THANK YOU