B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions

1. 1 Different parts of the body have different functions. List A gives three organs.List B gives information about each organ.Draw one line from each organ in List A to information about the organ in List B. List A List B Organ Information gland produces a fluid that helps to regulate body temperature kidney produces hormones skin coordinates responses produces urine (3 marks) B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions

2. 2 A laboratory technician was cleaning out a cupboard. Dust from the cupboard made her sneeze. (a) In this response, dust is: A the coordinator B the effector C the receptor D the stimulus (1 mark) A D the stimulus

3. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (b) In this response, the receptor is in: A the brain B the eye C the nose D the spinal cord (1 mark) A C the nose (c) In this response, the coordinator is: A the brain B the nose C the spinal cord D a synapse (1 mark) A A the brain

4. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (d) Chemical transmitters are involved in: A sending impulses along sensory neurones B sending impulses across the gap between a sensory neurone and a relay neurone C sending impulses from one end of a relay neurone to the other D sending impulses from a motor neurone to a relay neurone (1 mark) A B sending impulses across the gap between a sensory neurone and a relay neurone

5. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions 3 Figure 1 shows the reported number of cases in UK hospitals of an infection with a pathogen called Clostridium difficile.

6. (a) Describe as fully as you can the pattern shown by the data in the graph. (2 marks) A Steady rise to 2001 then a rapid rise to a maximum of 55 000 in 2006, followed by a fall in 2007. (b) Suggest an explanation for the change in the number of reported cases of Clostridium difficile infection between 1990 and 2005. (2 marks) A Decrease in hygiene standards and increased populations of resistant strain.

7. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (c) Suggest an explanation for the change in the number of reported cases of Clostridium difficile infection between 2006 and 2007. (2 marks) A Hygiene improvements and increased public awareness.

8. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions 4 The passage contains information about the ‘morning-after’ pill.

9. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions

10. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (a) Some people regard this pill as an abortion-causing drug. Explain why. (1 mark) A If it prevents a fertilised egg embedding in womb it effectively kills the fertilised egg, which has the potential to develop into a human/right to life.

11. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (b) (i) Some people think that this pill should only be available on prescription. Suggest why they think this. (1 mark) A The possibility of side effects, the fact it could encourage promiscuity or irresponsible sexual behaviour, or maybe their own religious beliefs. (ii) Others say it should be freely available ‘over the counter’. Give two reasons why they think this. (2 marks) A Woman’s right of choice; it avoids a later (more dangerous) abortion.

12. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (c) Scientists are uncertain if the pill might cause abnormalities among unborn children. Suggest why. (2 marks) A The sample size is small and the time-scale of use too short.

13. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions 5 Figure 2 shows the average amount of cholesterol in the blood of people at different ages.

14. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (a) What is the average blood cholesterol level for a 60-year-old woman? (1 mark) A 6.1 mmol/l (b) Which group of people has the highest risk of developing heart disease? (1 mark) A 65–74-year-old women (c) Give two factors that influence blood cholesterol level. (2 marks) A Diet; inheritance

15. 6 Figure 3 shows how the concentrations of the hormones that control the menstrual cycle vary over 28 days.

16. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (a) Name: (i) hormone A (1 mark) A FSH (ii) hormone B (1 mark) A oestrogen (b) Explain why hormone A can be used as a fertility drug. (2 marks) A Stimulates eggs to mature in women whose (FSH) hormone level is too low.

17. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (c) Hormones similar in their effect to hormone B can be used as contraceptive drugs. Explain why.(2 marks) A Inhibits production of FSH so that eggs do not mature.

18. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions 7 Figure 4 shows the number of cases of influenza in a large city in the UK.

19. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (a) The number of cases of influenza decreased between 1990 and 1998. Suggest an explanation for this. (2 marks) A More people are immune due to previous exposure/infection. (b) Suggest an explanation for the large increase in the number of cases in 1999. (2 marks) A The flu virus mutated and antibodies did not recognise the mutant.

20. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions (c) Most people who get flu recover in a few weeks. Explain why. (2 marks) A White cells produce antibodies, which kill the virus. (d) Explain in detail why a person who has been vaccinated against flu may still catch the disease. (6 marks) A The flu virus mutates, and white blood cells do not recognise mutated virus. The antibodies are ineffective against the new virus. The virus multiplies before appropriate antibodies can be formed, and the toxins released when infected cells burst produce flu symptoms.

21. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions 8 Figure 5 shows bacteria being transferred from one Petri dish, B, to another, C.

22. B1: 1 & 2 – Assess yourself questions Describe fully the procedures you would use with the apparatus shown in the diagram to transfer bacteria from dish B to dish C. Give the reason for each of the procedures you describe. (6 marks) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. A Inoculating loop is held in the flame, to kill any microorganisms. The loop is cooled, so that bacteria in B are not killed when sampled. The lid of C is lifted only slightly to transfer, to prevent contamination from the air.