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Communication in Nursing. Therapeutic vs. Nontherapeutic. Levels of Communication. Intrapersonal Interpersonal Transpersonal Small-Group Public. Basic Elements of Communication Process. Referent Sender and Receiver Message Channels Feedback. Forms of Communication Verbal.
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Communication in Nursing Therapeutic vs. Nontherapeutic
Levels of Communication • Intrapersonal • Interpersonal • Transpersonal • Small-Group • Public
Basic Elements of Communication Process • Referent • Sender and Receiver • Message • Channels • Feedback
Forms of CommunicationVerbal • Vocabulary • Denotative and Connotative Meaning • Pacing • Intonation • Clarity and Brevity • Timing and Relevance
Forms of CommunicationNonverbal • Personal Appearance • Posture & Gait • Facial Expressions • Eye Contact • Gestures • Territoriality and Personal Space
Elements of Professional Communication • Courtesy • Use of Names • Privacy and Confidentiality • Trustworthiness • Autonomy and Responsibility • Assertiveness
Therapeutic Communication Techniques • Active Listening • Sharing Observations • Shared Empathy • Sharing Hope • Sharing Humor • Sharing Feelings • Use of touch
Therapeutic Communication Techniques Using Silence Asking Relevant Questions Paraphrasing Clarifying Focusing Summarizing Self-Disclosure
Non-Therapeutic Communication Techniques • Asking personal questions • Giving personal opinions • Changing the subject • Automatic responses • False Assurance • Sympathy • Asking for Explanations
Non-Therapeutic Communication Techniques • Approval or Disapproval • Defensive Responses • Passive or Aggressive Responses • Arguing
Special Needs Communication • Clients who cannot speak clearly (Aphasia, Muteness) • Clients who are cognitively impaired • Clients who are unresponsive • Language barriers • Hearing Difficulties
Developmental Aspects of Communication • Infants • Toddlers & preschoolers • School age children • Adolescents