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Savanna and Tropical Rainforest Biomes. Savanna Biome. Location: Often located between Deciduous Temperate and Desert Biomes Abiotic Factors Temperature Range 20° to 30 ° Celsius Annual Precipitation 50 – 90 cm Seasons – 3 distinct seasons Cool and dry (Winter) Hot and dry
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Savanna Biome Location: Often located between Deciduous Temperate and Desert Biomes • Abiotic Factors • Temperature Range 20° to 30 ° Celsius • Annual Precipitation 50 – 90 cm • Seasons – 3 distinct seasons • Cool and dry (Winter) • Hot and dry • Warm and wet (Summer) • Soil is very porous and low in nutrients
Savanna Biome Unique Characteristics • Tall Grasses with limited trees • Prone to grass fires
Savanna Biome Flora Adaptations: • Resistance to drought • Trees/shrubs shed leaves during dry season • Nutrients stored in roots underground • Ability to endure fires
Savanna Biome Star Grass Adaptations: deep roots; tolerant of heavy grazing; recover quickly after fires; resistant to trampling Rhodes Grass Adaptations: regrows quickly after grazing; drought resistant; resistant to trampling
Savanna Biome Lemon Grass Adaptations: turn brown to limit transpiration; store moisture/nutrients in roots
Savanna Biome Acacia Tree Adaptations: long deep taproots; fire resistant Baobab Tree Adaptations: only produce leaves during wet season; small to limit transpiration; stores water in trunk
Savanna Biome Fauna Adaptations: • Migration (during dry season) • Dormancy
Savanna Biome Elephant Adaptations: migration; uses strength and trunk to access water stored in baobab tree; trunk used as appendage
Savanna Biome • Fork-tailed Drongos • Adaptations: insect eater; drawn to fires; aggressive towards predators Giraffe Adaptations: can go weeks without water; long neck for feeding at high levels in trees and watching for predators
Savanna Biome Zebra Adaptations: long legs for speed; travel in herds for protection; large ears to release heat; light coloration to reflect light Spotted Hyena Adaptations: specialized communications; powerful jaws; speed
Tropical Rainforest Biome Location: between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn along equator • Abiotic Factors • Temperature Average 20° to 25° Celsius • Annual Precipitation 200 – 1,000 cm • Seasons – No distinct seasons • Very poor and infertile soil • Excessive weathering from rain • Warm humid conditions equals faster decay
Tropical Rainforest Biome Unique Characteristics: • Contains more than half of the Earth’s flora and fauna • Dense canopies – 4 layers • Emergent – 100 to 240’ tall trees (small pointed leaves) • Upper canopy – 60 to 130’ trees (contains most fauna; leaves with drip spouts) • Understory – 60’ trees, shrubs, plants • Forest floor – completely shaded with little flora • Plants typically keep leaves year-round
Tropical Rainforest Biome Flora Adaptations: • Drip tips to promote drainage • Thick root mats on ground surface to absorb nutrients before entering soil
Tropical Rainforest Biome Flora Adaptations: • Trees have smooth thin bark
Tropical Rainforest Biome Peacock Plant Adaptations: limited sunlight requirements; broad leaves with red-purple underside to capture light Sacred Fig Adaptations: fast growing epiphyte; drip tips
Tropical Rainforest Biome Pitcher Plants Adaptations: carnivorous plant to supplement nutrients; specialized leaves to hold water; nectar and color to attract insects; slippery cells on inside; enzymes for digestion Lianas Adaptations: climb high using tall trees for support
Tropical Rainforest Biome Bromeliad Adaptations: get nutrients and water from air; central tank to hold water
Tropical Rainforest Biome Fauna Adaptations: • Specialized feeders to reduce competition • Camouflage • Warning colors
Tropical Rainforest Biome Giant Anteater Adaptations: strong claws; long worm-like tongue; sticky coating on tongue; tongue can protrude up to 2’ out of mouth; tongue can be flicked 150 times a minute
Tropical Rainforest Biome Silver Arawana Adaptations: can propel body out of water to snatch prey; specialized eye structure to see above and below water; barbells on chin to detect movement Scarlett Macaw Adaptations: specialized beaks for peeling fruits; strong beaks for breaking nuts
Tropical Rainforest Biome Bullet Ant Adaptations: large mandibles for fighting, carrying water, clamping onto food; hard exoskeleton; toxic sting Coati Adaptations: long tail for balance; long snouts to sniff out food
Tropical Rainforest Biome Spider Monkey Adaptations: long thin arms, legs, & tails to live in trees; limbs pick fruit