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Accelerator technique

Accelerator technique. FYSN 430 Fall 2008. Syllabus. Task: determine all possible parameters for a new accelerator project Known: Scope of physics done with an accelerator Needed Accelerator type Building Devices…. Physics case. Nuclear physics Study of neutron rich isotopes

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Accelerator technique

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  1. Accelerator technique FYSN 430 Fall 2008

  2. Syllabus • Task: determine all possible parameters for a new accelerator project • Known: Scope of physics done with an accelerator • Needed • Accelerator type • Building • Devices…

  3. Physics case • Nuclear physics • Study of neutron rich isotopes • Study of heavy isotopes • Nuclear reactions • Applications • Isotope production with protons • Radiation damage tests (SEE) • Possible future plans ?

  4. Relevant parameters • Accelerated isotopes • Beam energies (low and high) • Beam intensities • Other beam properties • Emittance • Time structure • …

  5. Coulomb barrier for fusion reactions(production of heavy isotopes) • For fusion reactions the repulsive Coulomb barrier has to be overcome Coulomb force Coulomb potential that q1 feels

  6. q2, A2 q1, A1 r2 r1 rC = r1 + r2

  7. Distance at which nuclei touch each other Coulomb energy at rc

  8. Examples Fe + Pb A1 = 56, Q1 = 27 A2 = 208, Q2 = 82 WC = 272.5 MeV or 4.9 MeV/u for Fe C + Sn A1 = 12, Q1 = 6 A2 = 120, Q2 = 50 WC = 49.8 MeV or 4.15 MeV/u for C

  9. Note! Remember also recoil: The compound nucleus moves due to recoil Conservation of momentum: Kinetic energy of the recoil

  10. Total kinetic energy (lab. Frame) needed for the projectile Eproj=Ecoul+Erecoil Usually a small correction Rule of thumb: Eproj, lab/Aproj = 5 MeV/u

  11. Proton induced fission p- induced and n-induced Reaction (e.g.) proton + U • Coulomb wall approx. 15.4 MeV

  12. Mass distribution Higher proton energy

  13. High LET beams

  14. Low energy limit • Are energies below 5 MeV/u interesting? • No fusion • Advantage: Coulomb excitation • Ask the physicists for the lower limit • E.g. 40 MeV 40Ar: 1 MeV/u

  15. Beam intensities • Isotope production • High (100 mA) • Nuclear spectroscopy • A few pna – a few pmA • SEE tests • 100 particles/s (aA) and more

  16. Energy Protons: 1-100 MeV Other ions: 1- nx10 MeV/u Intensity aA – 100 mA Some limits

  17. Possible accelerators • Linear accelerator • Wideröe • Alvarez • Electrostatic (Tandem) • Cyclotron • Super conducting vs. conventional • Synchrotron

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