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HYPERMEDIA

HYPERMEDIA. Chang-Yang Lin Eastern Kentucky University cy.lin@eku.edu http://people.eku.edu/linc/. Hypermedia – An Introduction. What is Hypertext/Hypermedia History of Hypertext/Hypermedia Hypermedia Systems Emerging Standards and Platforms Applications. What is Hypertext/Hypermedia?.

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HYPERMEDIA

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  1. HYPERMEDIA Chang-Yang Lin Eastern Kentucky University cy.lin@eku.edu http://people.eku.edu/linc/

  2. Hypermedia – An Introduction • What is Hypertext/Hypermedia • History of Hypertext/Hypermedia • Hypermedia Systems • Emerging Standards and Platforms • Applications

  3. What is Hypertext/Hypermedia? • Regular Text vs. Hypertext • Sequential vs. nonsequential • Interface: a book vs. a computer system environment • Traditional author vs. “reader can be author” • Hypertext Definition • Hypermedia vs. Multimedia • Essential Concepts of Hypertext/Hypermedia) • Nodes – Units of Information • Links – Labels connecting nodes • Navigation – Process of moving through the hypertext database • Hypertext/Hypermedia Terms

  4. Hypertext Definition • Few Definitions: • A style of building systems for information representation and management around a network of multimedia nodes connected together by typed links [Halasz, F.,1988] • A database that has active cross-references and allows the reader to “jump” to other parts of the database as desired. • Nonsequential access • Documents are shared across multiple locations/machines and allow collaboration

  5. NODES: Units of Information • A node usually represents a single concept or idea. • Nodes are called frames (KMS), statements (Augment), articles (Hyperties), cards (HyperCard), and pages (WWW) in different systems. • Nodes can contain text, graphics, animation, audio, video, images, or programs. • Examples: management reports, statements of account, email, invoices, orders, design drawings, photos, video explanation of how-to-do, product catalogs, worksheets, sources codes, and others.

  6. Links: Holding hypertext together • Links are the labels that connect one node with another. • Links can be bi-directional (forward and backward), typed, referential or hierarchical. • Links can • Transfer to a new topic • Show a reference • Provide ancillary information • Display an illustration, photograph, or video sequence • Display an index • Run another program

  7. Navigation The process of moving from one node to another through the hypertext web • BROWSING: Making direct manipulation to explore a hypertext system • INDEXING: Making order of the chaos; an example • SEARCHING: Finding something • Keyword or text string search • FILTERS: Narrowing the search • TOURS • Follows a predefined path • BOOKMARKS • PATH: Keeping track and going back

  8. Hypermedia vs. Multimedia • Hypertext is text with pointers to other text. • Hypermedia is a superset of hypertext. Hypermedia documents contain not only text but also other digital formats - images, animation, video, and audio. • Multimedia systems make use of various data formats, but need not use the interactive techniques. Role of the user is more passive.

  9. History of Hypertext/Hypermedia • 1945 – Memex by Vannevar Bush • 1962 – Augment by Douglas Englebart • 1965 – Xanadu by Ted Nelson • 1986 – Guide by Peter Brown • 1987 – Hypercard by Bill Atkinson • 1992 – Tim Berners-Lee unleashed the WWW • 1993 – Mosaic • 1994 – Netscape Navigator • 1996 – Internet Explorer

  10. Hypertext/Hypermedia Systems • A hypermedia system is a collection of tools that include hypermedia functionality. A tool is any program that helps users perform a specific task. • Components of a Hypermedia System • Closed Proprietary Hypermedia Systems vs. Open Internet Based Systems (i.e., WWW)

  11. Components of a Hypermedia System • A graphical user interface helps the user to navigate through databases. • An authoring system to create and manage nodes and links • Information retrieval mechanisms to facilitate keyword searches, content queries. • A hypermedia engine to manage information about nodes and links. • A storage system which can be a proprietary file system or a knowledge base or a relational dbms or an object-oriented dbms.

  12. Proprietary Hypermedia Systems From mainframe-based, multiuser, text-only (Augment, Xanadu, FRESS) to workstation- and PC- based multimedia (Netpune, KMS, Guide, Hypercard), and to today’s client-server architecture (Dexter, Trellis, ToolBook, Microscom) • Closed Systems: documents created in one system cannot be easily integrated with documents created in another system • Multimedia • Graphical user interfaces • CD-ROM and WWW distributing media

  13. Emerging Standards and Platforms • HTML • Images - GIF, JPEG, PNG • Audio - MP3, AU, MPEG, RA • Video - MPEG, QuickTime • Adobe’s PDF • TCP/IP • CD-ROM, DVD • distributing hypermedia • Desktop

  14. Hypertext/Hypermedia Terms • Node: A unit of information. Also known as a frame, card, document • Link: A relationship between two anchors • Anchor: An area within the content of a node which is the source or destination of a link • Browser: A program which allows a person to read hypertext • Navigation: The process of moving from one node to another through the hypertext web More . . . Source: http://www.w3.org/Terms.html

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