E-Governance in India

1. E-Governance in India Shailendra Kumar Rai Management Development Institute Gurgaon, India

2. Background: What is Governance? Governance Way govt. works Sharing of information Service delivery

3. What is e-Governance? • Broadly, e-governance involves the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to transact the business of government. • It may involve G2C services: such as information, voting, polling, or discussion, thereby enabling citizens to participate in the government’s policy making • It may also be G2G and G2B

4. Objective of E-Governance • Efficiency • Transparency • Citizen’s Participation

5. Enabling E-governance through ICT Contributes to: • Good Governance • Transparency • Citizen’s Awareness and Empowerment • Accountability • Democracy, and • Nation’s Economic Development

6. Focus of E-Governance • Greater attention to improve service delivery mechanism • Enhancing the efficiency of production • Emphasis upon the wider access to information

7. About: E-Governance Target Beneficiaries Business Government service delivery Govt. Citizens

8. Local Self Governance In India Public Accountability, Community Empowerment and e-Governance NEGREA

9. NREGA • It is a employment scheme for people living in rural areas. • The act was passed in 2005. • As per the Act, the Government of India will spend Rs. 500 billion, almost 2% of GDP annually.

10. Registration for Employment • The audit member of every house hold who- • Reside in rural areas; and • Are willing to do unskilled manual work, May apply for registration of their household for issuance of job card.

11. Employment in the Schme • Within 15 days of receipt of an application and within a radius of 5 kms. from their place of residence and • If employment is not provided within 15 days of receipt of his application; he shall be entitled to a daily unemployment allowance.

12. Unemployment allowances Rates

13. Minimum Wage • A person working for 7 hours would normally earn a wage equal to a wage rate. • Minimum wage fixed by the State Government under section 3 of the minimum wage Act, 1948 until wage rate is fixed by the Central Government.

14. Type of Works Under the Scheme • Water conservation and water harvesting • Drought proofing (a forestation and tree plantation). • Irrigation canals. • Provision of irrigation facility to land owned by SC/ST beneficiaries under Indra Awas Yozna. • Renovation of traditional water bodies. • Desalting of tanks. • Land development

15. Contd… • Flood control and protection works including drainage in water logged areas. • Rural connectivity to provide all weather access. • Other works notified by the Central/State Government.

16. Application for Work GP/PO shall be bound to accept the valid applicants and to issue a dated receipt to the applicant.

17. Employment Card • Gram Panchayat will issue a Job Card after registration. • Job Card containing the details of adult members of household such as; • Name, age, address and photographs. • Registration will be made for five years and may be renewed from time to time.

18. Availability of Employment • Applicants will be intimated by written letter and a public notice will be displayed at the office of GP and PO. • Priority shall be given to women and in such a way that at least one third of the beneficiaries shall be women. • Employment shall be provided within a radius of 5kms. from their residence. • If employment is provided outside 5 kms., it must be provided within Block with 10% extra wage to meet additional transportation and living expenses.

19. Facilities for Laborers at Work Site • Safe drinking water • Shade for children and periods of rest. • First-aid Box for emergency treatment and minor injuries. • Health hazards connected with work to be provided. • Depute one woman worker to look after five or more children below the age of six years of women labourers. • Depute woman shall be paid wage rate.

20. Wage Payment of Laborers • The wage under a scheme may be paid • Either wholly in cash • Or in cash of kind, but at least one forth of the wages shall be paid in cash only. • All payments of wages in cash and UA shall be made to concerns in the presence of independent persons of the community on pre-announced dates.

21. Contd…

22. Selection of Works, Prepare Project Proposals and Execution of Works

23. Sanction and Allotment of Works

24. Social Audit (Hamaara Paisa, Hamara Hisaab)

25. Contd…. • All efforts should be made to ensure transparency and accountability. • All accounts and records relating to work shall be made for public scrutiny. • A copy of Muster Rolls of every work shall be made available in the office of PO and GP for inspection by any person after paying such fee • The DPO, PO and GP shall prepare annually report containing the facts and figures and achievement relating to scheme within its jurisdiction. • All the above documents shall be made available to the public on demand and on payment of prescribed fees.

26. Machines and Contractors are Banned • The scheme shall not permit engaging any contractor for implementation the project under this scheme. • Works under this schemes shall be performed by using manual labor and not by machines.

27. Grievance Redressal Mechanism • The State Government shall make rules and regulations to deal with any complaint at block and the district level. • If any dispute or complaint arises the scheme by GP the matter shall be referred to PO. • The PO shall enter every complaint in a complaint register abnd shall dispose the disputes and complaints within 7 days of its receipt.

28. Governance Structure in India Central Government State Government (35) Local Government Urban Local Bodies Rural local Self- Governing Institutions • Corporations • District Panchayats • (540) • Municipalities • Intermediate • Panchayats (6096) • Town Areas • Village Panchayats • (2,32,000)

29. Central Government State Government Business, NGOs Citizen G2C G2B Local Government (G2E) G2G Local Self Governance – A Technological Perspective Local Governments Grassroot Planning & Development Dynamics Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) Rural Local Bodies (RLBs) • District Panchayats • Corporations Information & Communication Network • Intermediate/Block • Panchayats • Municipalities • Village Panchayats • Town Areas

30. LSG Outcomes and E-Governance • Goals • Enhanced People’s Participation • Public Accountability • Community Empowerment • Process • Devolution of Funds, Functions and Functionaries (3Fs) • Participatory Governance • ICT Instrument • E-Governance

31. NREGA-National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) • National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) • Launched in 200 districts of India • Currently, operational in 330 districts of India • Assures min 100 days of employment to any needy family in these districts • Gram panchayat plays anchor role in registering seekers, identifying works, allotting works, making payments and other activities

32. NREGSOFT – Details Captured

33. NREGSOFT – Registration

34. NREGSOFT – Job Card

35. Content Capture in NREGA • Currently, the data related to different events in life cycle of NREGS is being captured at- • Gram Panchayat Level in some of the states in offline mode • Block level in majority of states (data brought from GPs) – On/OffLine mode • District level in a few cases (data brought from GP to district for data entry)- Online mode

36. National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) – India (2006) • Vision • Make all Government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency & reliability of such services at affordable costs to realise the basic needs of the common man • The Government approved the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), comprising of 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) and 10 components, on May 18, 2006. • Core & Support Infrastructure • Common Services Centre (CSC) • State Wide Area Networks (SWAN) • State Data Centres (SDC)

37. Central MMPs Banking Central Excise & Customs Income Tax (IT) Insurance MCA21 Passport, Immigration & Visa Pension e-OFFICE State MMPs Agriculture Commercial Taxes e-District Employment Exchange Land Records Municipalities Panchayats/e-PRI Police Property Registration Road Transport Treasuries NeGP – Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) Integrated MMPs • CSC • e-BIZ • e-COURTS • e-Procurement • Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) For Trade (eTrade) • National Egovernance Service Delivery Gateway • India Portal ( www.india.gov.in )  

38. Municipalities Services Issuance of Birth/Death Certificates Property Tax, Property Assessment Accounting System Grievance and Suggestions Building Approval, Issuance of Licenses Projected Implementation To cover all Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in class 1 cities (423 in total) during the period 2006-07 to 2010-11. Status Implemented in 30 Councils/6 Corporation of Maharashtra Implemented in 80 Municipalities in Karnataka Also implemented in Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, Shillong and Kolkata Panchayats Services Services identified for Citizens Issuance of Licenses, Certificates, Beneficiaries of various schemes, Information related to proceedings of Gram Sabha etc. Services identified for Functionaries Survey Data (Below Poverty Line (BPL), Family, census) Services Data (Education, Health), Panchayat Accounting etc. Status States like Andhra Pradesh (A.P), Karnataka, Gujarat, Orissa, Goa, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu have started computerization of Panchayats. Initiatives already underway include E-Panchayat(A.P), E-Gram (Gujarat), PriaSoft (Orissa, Tamil Nadu),NREGASoft (Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka), Aasthi (Karnataka) etc.. NeGP - Mission Mode Projects for LSGIs NeGP took cognizance of these State Level efforts & proposed Mission Mode project s in respective areas in an organized & integrated fashion

39. e-Governance in Panchayati Raj Institutions (e-PRI)Mission Mode Project • Round Table of State Panchayati Raj Ministers (Dec 2004) recommends positioning ICT as enhancing Panchayat capacity so that they can perform their constitutionally and legislatively mandated functions better. • Consensus to position IT as • decision making support system for Panchayats • tool for transparency, disclosure of information to citizens, social audit, • better and convergent delivery of services to citizens, • improving internal management and efficiency of Panchayats, • a means for capacity building, • as an e-Procurement medium. • E-PRI taken up as a Mission Mode Project across the country under National E-Governance Plan (NeGP)

40. E-PRI – Proposed Service Delivery Architecture Rural PRIs e-Panchayat (AP) MOPR Web Site State Panchayati Raj Deptt. Portals PRIAsoft (TN, Orissa) Aasthi (Kar) Citizen District PanchayatPortals PRIAsoft (PanchLekh) (MP) Block Panchayat Portals G2C Internet Other Panchyati Raj Deptt Applications Gram Panchayat Portals VPs/BPs/ZPs PlanPlus Front End National Panchayat Portal(NPP) Back End

41. National Panchayat Portal (NPP)Public Face of Rural Governance • A Gateway to more than two and a half lakh Portals including State Panchayati Raj Deptt.(35), District Panchayats(560), Intermediate/ Block Panchayats(6096) and Village Panchayats (2,32,000) • Acts as a one-stop solution to citizens for accessing information and services provided by Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR), State Panchayati Raj Departments, and three-tier Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) • Panchayat Portal Sites dynamically generated using Panchayat Portal Framework • Supports Local Language • Web site of Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR), http://panchayat.gov.in is acting as the home page of the National Panchayat Portal • Each Panchayat Portal can be accessed directly also

42. National Panchayat Portal

43. e-PRI - Gujarat : e Gram State Specific Back-end Solution • Services • Birth Certificate • Death Certificate • Agriculture Certificate • Income Certificate • Electricity Certificate • Tax Collection : Revenue & Panchayat • Caste Certificate • Status • All Gram panchayats (approx. 12000) have been provided with computers and nominated staff provided 40 hours training on basic usage of IT

44. e-PRI - Gujarat : e Gram

45. Facilitating PRI’s Planning Process (PLAN PLUS) • GIS and Web enabled PlanPlus Software under development as part of Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) scheme of MOPR • BRGF Scheme implementation is driven by the Decentralized Planning Guidelines issued by the Planning Commission, Govt. of India • A single software application to strengthen decentralized planning at grassroot level • Meant to be used by RLBs and ULBs to converge, integrate and generate District Development Plans • Field Testing under progress in Kerala and West Bengal

46. Plan Funds Requirements Identified Development Requirements Identified LSG Processes Report Progress Arrange Funds Services Delivered Resources Procured Implement ROLE OF E-GOVERNANCE Transparency DEVOLUTION Accountability OUTCOMES ICT INPUTS TO LSG PROCESSES EnhancedPeople’s Participation Community Empowerment

47. COMPUTERIZATION Isolated ICT Introduction initiatives attempted by some of the States at sub-district/grassroot level Learning from examples cited in previous slides Mainly Bottom-up Efforts E-GOVERNANCE PRESENT Formulation of National E-Governance Plan (NeGP) Identification of Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) Framework for e-PRI & Municipalities MMPs Focus on extending the reach of ICTs to the grassroots & Service Delivery Mainly Top-down Efforts ROAD AHEAD E-GOVERNANCE FUTURE – Consolidation & Replication from Bottom-up experiences & Powered by MMP Framework

48. Issues • Moving targets • Evolving/changing processes • Rapidly changing technology • Capacity building for the use of ICT with in the organization • Availability of unified cyber space and ICT infrastructure • Assurance of long term ICT support to assist the Process of change management • Continued financial support for technology as an integral part the process re-engineering plan • Long term vision for “technology diffusion” and ability to adapt to the ever changing needs to avoid waste expenditure • Standardization of data ,meta-data, tech. , processes

49. Questions and Answers

50. Thank You The End