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Physical Development from 4-6

Learn about the physical development of children aged 4-6, including growth in height and weight, improvements in motor skills, hand preference, and self-care tasks such as feeding, tooth brushing, and dressing. Discover ways to promote healthy nutrition and teach important self-care skills.

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Physical Development from 4-6

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  1. Physical Development from 4-6 Chapter 13

  2. Height and Weight • Growth from four to six is slightly slower than from one to three • Height – average yearly increase is 2 ½ to 3 inches • Weight – average weight gain is 4 to 5 pounds per year • Boys are often slightly taller and heavier than girls

  3. Proportion and Posture • Proportion – size relationship between different parts of the body • Posture – the way in which someone holds his or her body

  4. Posture and Proportion, cont’d • Between 4th-7th birthday body becomes straightens and slimmer • Abdomen and chest flatten out • Legs and neck lengthen • Balance and coordination improve; run with arms next to body

  5. Teeth • Missing teeth is typical of age six because kids begin to lose primary teeth and get set of 32 permanent ones • Generally teeth are lost in same order that they come in

  6. Thumb Sucking • Some 4, 5, 6 year olds continue to seek thumb sucking usually to comfort themselves or handle tension • Adults may worry, but it is best to ignore this, as it usually goes away on its own How many of you were thumb suckers?

  7. Motor Skills • Most small/large motor skills improve significantly during this time, however, at varying rates • Ex. Child can put together 100 piece puzzle but can’t skip while another child can only put together 35 piece puzzle but is great at jumping rope

  8. Pause . . . • Read on page 386 under motor skills • What can children do at 4-, 5-, and 6-years-old?

  9. Motor Skills at 4 • Learning to throw and catch • Learn to lace shoes but cannot tie them

  10. Motor Skills at 5 • Show improved speed and coordination • Can pour liquids from pitcher into glass • Like to cut and paste and print some letters, not necessarily words • Can button and snap clothing

  11. Motor Skills at 6 • Enjoy balancing activities, keeping time to music, jumping rope • Can ride a bike ** Kids with well-developed small motor skills will find learning to read and write easier

  12. Hand preference • By age five kids usually choose/prefer one hand over the other; known as handedness • Some say it is because heredity and others say it is because of the hand that parents put objects in • Only a few are ambidextrous, can use both hands ** Try writing with the opposite hand you normally do on the dotted lines in your notes

  13. Pause . . . • Take the blank piece of paper provided and fold it in half • Draw two pictures of a house with trees and flowers – one picture should be drawn with your left hand and the other with your right

  14. Feeding • Serving sizes are smaller for children • Often eat minimum number of servings from each food group • Research has shown that many kids do better with 5 or 6 meals/snacks per day rather than 3 large ones • WHY?? . . . Because children’s stomachs are small and eating more frequently provides constant level of energy

  15. Poor Nutrition • Not getting the key nutrients needed through food • Causes: • Absence of guidelines for nutrition • Parents have lack of understanding of nutrition • Parents set poor examples

  16. Poor Nutrition, cont’d • Effects • Kids have less resistance to colds and other illnesses • Growth may be limited • Learning may be more difficult because they are tired and easily distracted • Weight problems – over or underweight

  17. Nutrition Tips for Caregivers • Parents should involve kids in food prep • Also improves small motor skills • Understand kids nutritional needs • Make nutritious foods available and attractive • Set a good example, but don’t make eating an issue

  18. Teaching Self-care • Washing and bathing: • Kids are less interested in washing and bathing • Set-up a routine • Praise for a job well-done

  19. Teaching Self-care • Brushing teeth: • Make sure kids know proper technique • Tooth decay is a problem, so using toothpaste with FLUORIDE or putting SEALANTS on teeth is helpful

  20. Teaching Self-care • Dressing and choosing clothes: • Kids age 4-6 can usually do it themselves, but may have difficulty with matching • Some may need group identification or feel that they belong by wearing clothes their peers wear • Can begin to fold, hang up, and put away clothes

  21. Teaching Self-care • Sleeping • May no longer take naps • Usually more cooperative about taking naps • Some may need story, stuffed animal or companionship

  22. Teaching Self-care • Toileting • Most are potty trained by 4 • Accidents may occur because child becomes fully concentrated on activity • Tips – take frequent breaks, point out where bathrooms are when somewhere new, keep extra clothes

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