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Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop

Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop. La Serena, Chile • December 3-4 2007. Why Retrofit an Existing Observatory. Change in Code Requirements Change in Facility Requirements Seismic Performance Requirements Earthquake Damage.

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Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop

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  1. Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop La Serena, Chile • December 3-4 2007

  2. Why Retrofit an Existing Observatory • Change in Code Requirements • Change in Facility Requirements • Seismic Performance Requirements • Earthquake Damage

  3. Existing Building Seismic Performance Objectives • Building codes are designed for Life Safety and not meant to withstand an Earthquake • An Observatory is designed to protect the Telescope and Instruments • What performance objectives was your Observatory designed to?

  4. Seismic Retrofit Performance Objectives • Immediate Occupancy: Minor damage and functionality remains. Damage is easily and rapidly repaired • Damage Control: Damage is localized reducing the cost of recovery • Observations resume within 24-hours after an Earthquake? • One of a kind, critical equipment that has a long lead time to replace must sustain only minor damage

  5. Seismic Retrofit Process • Preliminary Study; How vulnerable is the Observatory and Support Facilities? • Identify the structural characteristics of the building • Site seismic hazard analysis • Site characteristics • Occupancy requirements • Building seismic performance goals • Rehabilitation method • Prioritize retrofit to budget constraints What does it cost to do nothing?

  6. Seismic Retrofit Publications: ATC-14 • Published 1987 • First attempt at creating a seismic evaluation tool • Catalog of weak links • Historic performance data and observations • Analysis based on ductility of elements

  7. Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 178 • Published 1992 • Addition of nationwide consensus methodology (NEHRP strength design) • Development of checklists • Consensus process as a guideline

  8. Additional Performance Based Procedures • “FEMA 74: Reducing the Risks of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage, A Practical Guide, September 1994 • “FEMA 156 and 157: Typical Costs for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings”, December 1994 • “FEMA 276: Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitations of Buildings: Example Applications”, April 1999 • “FEMA 154: Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazards, July 2005

  9. Nonstructural Earthquake Damage: (FEMA 74) • Nonstructural: Everything in a building except for columns, floors, beams, etc. • Building Utility Systems • Architectural Components • Furniture and Contents

  10. Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74) • Diesel Fuel Tank

  11. Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74) • HVAC Equipment

  12. Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74) • Built-in Partial Height Partition

  13. Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74) • Suspended T-Bar Ceilings

  14. Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74) • Large Computers and Access Floors

  15. Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356 • Published 2000 • Result of joint ASCE/FEMA effort • Performance-based methodology • Multiple performance and seismicity levels • Expanded commentary

  16. Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356

  17. Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356

  18. Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356

  19. Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356

  20. Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356

  21. Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356

  22. Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356

  23. Conclusions • State-of-the-practice seismic standards and procedures that are: • Founded in the latest engineering principles • Generally applicable to all buildings • Complete and consistent • Written in mandatory code language • Validated through extensive research, testing and the consensus process

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