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Southwest Asia: The Northeast

Southwest Asia: The Northeast. Ch. 22, Section 3 Pages 516- 519. Today’s Objectives. The student will be able to: Describe the blend of cultures in SW Asia. Examine land disputes. Explain plans for economic reform. Describe traditional and modern life in the sub-region. Main Ideas.

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Southwest Asia: The Northeast

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  1. Southwest Asia: The Northeast Ch. 22, Section 3 Pages 516- 519

  2. Today’s Objectives The student will be able to: • Describe the blend of cultures in SW Asia. • Examine land disputes. • Explain plans for economic reform. • Describe traditional and modern life in the sub-region.

  3. Main Ideas • The nations in this sub-region are Muslim but most are not part of the Arab culture. • The nations of the Northeast range from developed to very poorly developed. • The Kurds’ movement across this sub-region has caused conflict.

  4. Countries of the Northeast

  5. A Blend of Cultures • MESOPOTAMIA, the “land between the rivers” in Iraq, is a cultural hearth known as the Fertile Crescent. • The Tigris & Euphrates Rivers provided fertile soil making raising crops easy and the rivers served as highways to transport goods. • Several ancient civilizations of the world began here.

  6. Ancient Empires in the Northeast • Sumer • Babylonia • Assyria • Chaldea • Hittite • Persia

  7. Ethnic variety • Ethnic groups: Turks, Kurds, Persians, and Assyrians are dominant • These ethnic groups are not Arab! • Clashes over ethnic homelands and valuable oil fields have plagued several nations. • Tensions b/t ethnic groups exists, even though all follow the principles of Islam.

  8. Religious variety • After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, Muslims divided into 2 main branches: • Sunni- 83% of all Muslims; live in Turkey, Iraq & Afghanistan • Shi’ite- live in Iran, Afghanistan and some in Iraq

  9. Homelands & Refugees • Kurds: promised a homeland after WWI but never received it. They have clashed w/ the gov’ts of Turkey, Iran & Iraq. • Iran: home to many refugees fleeing oppressive gov’ts in Afghanistan & Iraq. It is has the lgst Shia refugee pop. of any nation in the world.

  10. Who controls the oil fields? • Dependence on oil has made these countries powerful • 1980-1990 Iran-Iraq War • 1990-1991 Iraq invaded Kuwait, starting the Persian Gulf War. US & 32 other nations fought to drive the Iraqis out & keep oil fields open. Ground war lasts only 100 days.

  11. Economic Challenges • All nations have limited ag land & water • Oil & natural gas resources can generate revenue needed to update & expand: • Transportation systems • Communications systems • Power generation plants • Water & sanitations systems

  12. Turkey’s Economic Progress Modernizing economy by: • Developing water resources & hydro-electric plants to boost production of cotton & other agric. products • Steel production • Using its location b/t Europe & Asia to promote trade

  13. Iran’s Economic Progress • Struggling to recover from a long war with Iraq, Iran’s government is supporting growth. • Money from oil sales is being used to create infrastructure, industry & jobs

  14. Iraq’s Economic Progress • After the long war w/ Iran, & the invasion of Kuwait, Iraq was unable to trade its oil w/ the rest of the world. • This reduced the amt. of $$ in the country & the Iraqi people lacked basic goods: food, medicine & other medical supplies. • Iraqi people revolted against Sadaam Hussein, overthrowing his dictatorship. • The UN has since been assisting Iraq w/ rebuilding its gov’t and economy as a democratic nation.

  15. Afghanistan’s Economic Progress • Very poor, with most ppl engaged in subsistence agric. & animal herding • Civil war has hindered econ. progress • Govt has rejected efforts to modernize • Land-locked nation, with no efficient transp. system to get products to market • Has great mineral resources but lacks educated workers w/ mgmt & technical skills to develop them

  16. Modern & Traditional life • Division exists b/t ppl who want to adopt a modern lifestyle & those who want to preserve more traditional ways. • Varying ideas about the way ppl should behave has led to conflicts that have sometimes flared into serious political problems

  17. The Taliban in Afghanistan • A fundamentalist Muslim political group that imposed strict rules on ppl’s behavior • In 2002, US troops toppled this regime b/c it was strongly suspected of supporting the terrorists responsible for the 9/11/01 attacks against the United States. • US military is still seeking the Taliban’s leader, Osama Bin Laden, believed to be hiding in Afghanistan or Pakistan.

  18. What role has oil played in clashes over land? How are the people who live in the Northeast different from those who live in other parts of SW Asia? Why are there so many refugees in this region? What do nations need to do to develop their economies? What is the Taliban? Copy and Answer

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