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Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, & Islam Reaches India

Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, & Islam Reaches India. Rise of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans were a nomadic group of Turkish people originating from Central Asia Around the 13 th century they emerged as the rulers of the Islamic world

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Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, & Islam Reaches India

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  1. Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, & Islam Reaches India

  2. Rise of the Ottoman Empire • The Ottomans were a nomadic group of Turkish people originating from Central Asia • Around the 13th century they emerged as the rulers of the Islamic world • In 1453, they captured Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. They renamed it Istanbul. • Because of the Ottoman Empires central location, they interacted with both Eastern & Western Culture throughout history. • They also conquered Egypt & North Africa, re-uniting all of the Muslim world under their rule, except for Persia and Afghanistan

  3. Ottoman Government • The Ottoman Empire was led by the Sultan (ruler) and his lavish court. • Every Sultan was expected to begin their reign by expanding the Empire • The Sultan in Istanbul governed the entire empire as an all-powerful ruler. • The Sultan was assisted by a special army – The Janissaries, who were recruited in childhood • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opac9IGV8fM

  4. Ottoman Diversity • The Ottoman’s recognized the Diversity of their empire and were tolerable of Christians and Jews • They even allowed Christians and Jews to be represented by their own leaders and to collect their own taxes • This contributed to Ottoman prosperity and stability, allowing them to peacefully trade throughout the Mediterranean.

  5. Suleiman the Magnificent • The Ottoman Empire reached its height in the mid-1500s, under Suleiman the Magnificent • The Ottoman controlled most Mediterranean trade until their defeat in 1571 by Spaniards & Venetians

  6. Persia: Safavid Empire • In the early 1500’s the Safavids created a great Islamic empire in Persia • Like the Ottomans, the Safavids were a Turkish tribe • However, Safavids were Shiite Muslims who opposed the Ottomans, because they were Sunnis • This association with Shiite Islam gave the Safavids an Identity separate from their Muslim neighbors that still affects Iran today. • Safavid rulers, known as Shahs, used their large standing armies to maintain control

  7. India: Review of Hinduism • Hinduism is the predominant religion in India • It believes in many gods, reincarnation, and a rigid caste system • Hindus were expected to behave well according to their role in society • Depending on how well they lived their life, they would die and be reborn in a higher or lower caste. • Good life = reborn in higher caste • Bad life = reborn in lower caste

  8. Muslim Invasion of India • In the 11th and 12th centuries, Turkish Muslims invaded India’s northern plains, destroying Hindu temples and cities. • Muslims established independent cities in Northern India known as sultanates • The most important Sultanate was established in 1200 in Delhi • After 1200, Sultans of Delhi ruled much of Northern and Central India for the next 320 years • At the end of the 14th century, the Mongol ruler Tamerlane destroyed the city of Delhi and slaughtered its inhabitants

  9. The Mughal Empire • In 1526 Babur, a descendant of Tamerlane and Genghis Khan, defeated the Sultan of Delhi and founded the Mughal Empire • The Mughals were Muslims with close ties to Safavid Persia • Because the later Ottoman and Mughal Empires used guns to control their populations and fight enemies, they are referred to as “Gunpowder Empires.”

  10. Akbar the Great (1542-1605) • Babur’s grandson, Akbar was the most famous Mughal ruler • Akbar conquered neighboring lands to unite Northern India under his rule. • Akbar promoted religious toleration in India and made use of Hindu officials in governement • Akbar’s grandson Shah Jahan was not as sympathetic to Hindus • He imposed many special taxes and ordered the destruction of many Hindu temples • Jahan did have the TajMahal built

  11. Sikhism • Sikhism developed in Northern India as a result of the interaction between Muslim & Hindu beliefs • Like Hindus. Sikhs believe in reincarnation • Like Muslims,Sikhsbelieve in one God, and that God can be known through deep contemplation • Sikhs do not follow the caste system, because they believe everyone has equal status in the eyes of God

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