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Human Reproductive System

Human Reproductive System. Continued…. Female Anatomy. Uterus (AKA: womb): protects zygote/developing embryo Ovaries: Inside; found on each side of uterus Produces Estrogen develop female sexual characteristics develop eggs prepare uterus for pregnancy. FSH. LH.

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Human Reproductive System

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  1. Human Reproductive System Continued…

  2. Female Anatomy

  3. Uterus (AKA: womb): • protects zygote/developing embryo Ovaries: • Inside; found on each side of uterus • Produces Estrogen • develop female sexual characteristics • develop eggs • prepare uterus for pregnancy FSH LH Female Reproductive System Estrogen Estrogen

  4. oocyte Review: Oogenesis Meiosis 1 • Defined: Production of the egg cell (ovum) • In female ovaries • During meiosis I:Cytoplasm distributed unequally • After meiosis II: • 1 cell matures • 3 “Polar Bodies” dissolve • Each egg has 23 chromosomes each Meiosis 2 Oogenesis *Meiosis II isn’t complete until fertilization occurs!

  5. What happens to the egg? • Eggs are “housed” in follicles • Egg matures • Follicle ruptures, egg is released • OVULATION • 3. Egg travels  fallopian tube  uterus • 5-7 days • Sperm fertilizes egg here • 4. Ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum • Releases hormones for zygote if egg is fertilized • Controlled by hormones • Estrogen, Progesterone, LH, FSH • Many others Fallopian tube Uterus Ovary

  6. Ovulation

  7. Fertilized vs. Unfertilized If fertilized: • Zygote begins to divide as it travels to uterus • Implants into uterus • Multiple zygotes can result from fertilization • Identical twins = same egg • Fraternal twins = 2 separate eggs If unfertilized: • Egg leaves uterus • menstruation

  8. Menstrual Cycle • Average = 28 days • three phases: • flow phase: • 1st 5-7 days of cycle • “tear down” • Endometrium (lining of the uterus) sheds

  9. Menstrual Cycle 2. follicular phase: • “rebuild” • ovulation occurs (~ day 14) • Temperature spikes a little • Most fertile next few days! • Able to get pregnant!

  10. Menstrual Cycle 3. luteal phase: • Extra blood/nutrients for potential new baby • Corpus luteum forms • Releases hormones if egg is fertilized

  11. Menstrual Cycle The menstrual cycle stops at menopause. • Age = mid 40’s- 50’s • decline in hormone levels make cycles irregular • eventually, cycle stops altogether

  12. Review • Which hormone is primarily responsible for developing eggs? • Which cellular process produces eggs? • How many chromosomes are found in each egg? • Explain the function of the following parts : ovary, fallopian tube, uterus. • Summarize the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle. What is the main function in each phase? • Define ovulation. In which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur? • What does estrogen do? In what ways are the effects of testosterone on males and estrogen on females similar? • Describe how an egg is fertilized. • Explain the difference between identical and fraternal twins. • If twins are born, and one’s a girl and the other is a boy, are they identical or fraternal? Explain.

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