Anatomy 101- Bones

1. Anatomy 101- Bones

2. What do bones do? • Protect vital organs • Support the body • Allow the body to move through muscle and tendon attachment. • Provide attachment points for ligaments • Store important minerals such as calcium • Produce red blood cells which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from tissues.

3. Types of Bones • Flat bones- examples are the scapula (shoulder blade) and sternum (breast bone)

4. Types of Bones • Irregular bones- examples are the talus (ankle bone) and the vertebrae (spinal bones)

5. Types of Bones • Long bones- examples are the femur (upper thigh bone) and the ulna (one of the arm bones).

6. Types of Bones • Short bones- example are the tarsals (small bones of the foot)

7. Types of Bones • Sesamoid bones- an example would be the patella, where the bone floats around freely.

8. Group Activity • On a sheet of paper, list as many bones as you can think of in the human body. • Take a guess. How many bones are there in the human skeleton?

9. Bone Trivia • How many bones are there in a human adult skeleton? • 206 • More than half of the 206 bones are in the hands and feet. • How many bones are there in an infants skeleton? • 350 • Bones fuse together as you grow

10. Bones of the Skull • The skull is made up of 28 bones. • 22 form the framework for the head and provide protection for the brain, eyes, and ears.

11. Bones of the Skull • Light Blue= Frontal Bone (front) • Pink= Parietal Bone (upper sides) • Orange= Temporal Bone (lower sides) • Green= Occipital Bone (bottom)

12. Bones of the Face • Purple= mandible (lower jaw bone) • Dark Blue = maxilla (upper jaw bone)

13. Spinal Column • The spinal column is made up of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, and the sacrum.

14. Cervical Vertebrae • There are 7 cervical vertebrae labeled C1-C7. • C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) are responsible for the head nodding “no”. • C3-C7 are responsible for the head nodding “yes”. • C4 no more, C5 still alive- diaphram

15. Thoracic Vertebrae • There are 12 thoracic vertebrae labeled T1-T12. • They increase in size as they move down the spine (Ex: T1 and T2 are smaller than T10 and T11). • All thoracic vertebrae have facets (small grooves) on the sides of their bodies for attachment of the ribs.

16. Lumbar Vertebrae • There are 5 lumbar vertebrae labeled L1-L5. • Lumbar vertebrae are most frequently involved in back pain. • They carry the most amount of body weight. • Are subject to the largest forces and stresses along the spine.

17. Sacrum and Coccyx • The sacrum is a large triangular bone at the base of the spine. • It connects to the L5 vertebrae and ends with the coccyx (tailbone).

18. Sacrum and Coccyx • The sacrum is labeled S1. • The coccyx (tailbone) is the final piece of the vertebral column.

19. More Bone Trivia • What is the longest bone in the body? • Femur. It is almost one quarter of the bodies total height. • What is the smallest bone in the body? • The stirrup deep inside the ear. It is hardly larger than a grain of rice.

20. Sternum and Rib Cage • The sternum (breastbone) is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest. • The sternum is connected to the ribs with cartilage.

21. Sternum and Rib Cage • The ribcage is made up of 12 ribs. • The first 7 ribs are connected to the sternum and are called true ribs. • The 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs attach in front to the cartilage portion of the next rib above, and are called false ribs. • The 11th and 12th ribs are not attached in front and are called floating ribs.

22. The Shoulder Complex • The shoulder complex is made up of the clavicle (collar bone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone)

23. Clavicle • The clavicle (a.k.a. collar bone) is a long bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle. • This bone is clearly visible through the skin. • The clavicle is the easiest bone in the body to break.

24. Scapula • The scapula (a.k.a. shoulder blade) is the bone that connects the humerus and the clavicle. • It is a flat bone and triangular in shape.

25. Humerus • The humerus is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. • Fits between the scapula and the ulna. • Called funny bone

26. Forearm Bones • The radius is one of two bones in the forearm. • Extends on the lateral side (outside or thumb side) of the forearm between the elbow and wrist.

27. Forearm Bones • The ulna is the stronger and larger of the two forearm bones. • Extends on the medial side (inside or pinky finger side) of the forearm between the elbow and wrist.

28. The 8 bones that make up the wrist are called the carpals. Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate Wrist and Hand Bones

30. Finger Bones • The fingers are made up of 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges.

31. Pelvis (Hip Bone) • The 3 bones of the pelvis are the illium, ischium, pubis. • The pelvis provides the socket for the hip joint.

32. Bone Trivia • What is the hardest bone in the body to break? • Femur. Usually broken in car accidents or a fall from somewhere high.

33. Thigh and Leg Bones • The femur (thigh bone) is the longest and strongest bone in the body. • It forms part of the hip and part of the knee.

34. Patella • The patella (knee cap) is a thick triangular shaped seasamoid bone. • It sits in front of the femur and protects the front of the knee joint.

35. Tibia • The tibia (or shin bone) is the larger of the two lower leg bones. • It is the second longest bone in the body. • Extends between the femur and the ankle on the medial side of the body.

36. Fibula • The fibula extends below the tibia to the ankle on the lateral side. • It is the skinniest of all long bones in the body.

37. Foot Bones • The tarsals are a group of bones that make up the top of the foot.

38. 1= Calcaneus 2= Talus 3= Navicular 4=Medial Cuneiform 5= Intermediate Cuneiform 6= Lateral Cuneiform 7= Cuboid Foot Bones

39. Foot Bones • The rest of the foot and toes are made up of 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges.

40. Ready for muscles???

41. Anatomy 101- Muscles

42. Skeletal Muscles • Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle that is attached to bones. • Skeletal muscles are used to create movement by applying force to bones and joints.

43. How Many Muscles Are There In The Body? • There are just shy of 700 skeletal muscles in the body. • That includes about 400 that nobody cares about, except specialists

44. Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Rotation Internal rotation External rotation Inversion Eversion Dorsi flexion Plantar flexion Supination Pronation Types of Movement

46. Bet You Didn’t Know • Too much botox injected into the frontalis muscle leads to drooping eyebrows. • When someone is unable to close their eyes doctors will sew in tiny gold weights into each eyelid. • Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. They move more than 100,000 times a day.

47. Neck Muscles • The neck can move in 4 different ways: • Flexion • Extension • Lateral Flexion • Rotation

48. Neck Muscles • Sternocleidomastoid • Muscle is responsible for tilting the head laterally, rotating the head, and pulling the back of the head downward.

50. Back Muscles • The trapezius is a large superficial muscle of the back. • The trapezius attaches at the neck, the two shoulders, and down to the 12th thoracic vertebrae.