CHAPTER 19: POSTWAR BOOM

1. CHAPTER 19: POSTWAR BOOM

2. Journal 4/16 • What choices do you have when you graduate high school? What are your plans? • Compare these choices with those faced by returning GIs (soldiers) at the end of World War II.

3. Section 1: Postwar America

4. Readjustment and Recovery • GI Bill of Rights – loans for houses and education • Suburbs – solve the housing crisis

5. What about women? • How do you think women react to their husbands coming home from war? How did women’s roles change during the war?

6. What about the economy? • Defense industries close • Office of Price Administration (OPA) no longer controls prices of goods • Congress has to reestablish controls on prices, wages, rents • What new jobs do you think will be created? • People had saved during the war and bought war bonds -> leads to a new demand for cars + houses

7. Social Unrest • 1946 - Truman asks Congress to pass federal anti-lynching laws, a ban on the poll tax, and a permanent civil rights commission • Truman issues an executive order to integrate the armed forces and no discrimination when hiring govt. employees

8. Fair Deal • Truman has proposals for nationwide health insurance and a system to help farmers

9. Questions • 1. How did the Truman administration respond to millions of veterans not having a job? • 2. What was done to help the severe housing shortage? • 3. How did Truman and Congress try to solve the problem of high inflation? • 4. How did Truman try to stop discrimination and racial violence? • 5. What was the Fair Deal?

10. The American Dream in the Fifties Section 2

11. Think-Write-Pair-Share • What does the American Dream mean to you? • Are your dreams different from those of your parents?

12. Conglomerates • A major corporation that includes a number of smaller companies in unrelated industries

13. Franchises • A company that offers similar products or services in many locations

14. The Suburbs • What are the characteristics of a suburb?

15. The Baby Boom • Unprecedented population explosion • 1 baby every 7 seconds

16. Dr. Jonas Salk

17. Leisure • 40-hour work week • Time saving devices • Read more and play sports

18. Automobile • Gas is cheap • People live in suburbs • Interstate Highway Act of 1956

19. Consumerism • Buying material goods came to be equated with success • Planned obsolescence = manufacturers planned products to wear out • White Americans

20. Section 3: Popular Culture

21. T-W-P-S Compare music/entertainment from the 1950s with current styles. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqxNSvFMkag • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NPzLBSBzPI

22. Mass Media and Television

23. Mass Media and Television

24. Movies and Radios • 1954 – color and smell-o-vision

25. A Subculture Emerges The beat movement – those who go against the suburban/white view of life portrayed in mass media Nonconformist, no regular work, tried to experience a higher consciousness through Zen Buddhism, music, drugs

26. Rock ‘n’ Roll • A form of American popular music that evolved in the 1950s out of rhythm and blues, country, jazz, gospel and pop • Adults hated it and tried to ban it • 600 million records are sold in 1960

27. Jazz Nat King Cole

28. Read • History Through Music on page 656 • Write down key facts • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxoGvBQtjpM

29. Questions • Page 657 #3 and #4

30. Section 4: The Other America

31. The Urban Poor • Prosperity only for some Americans • White flight – millions of whites moved into suburbs • 5 million African Americans move from rural south to northern cities • Cities lost people, business, and income tax • Poverty increased in the inner cities -> cannot pay for good housing, diet, and doctors

32. Urban Renewal • National Housing Act (1949) – rundown neighborhoods were torn down and low-income houses were built • Poor people were moved from one ghetto to the next as shopping center and stadiums were built

33. Poverty Leads to Activism for Mexican Americans • Shortage of agricultural workers during WWII • Hundreds of thousands of Mexican braceros (hired hands) were allowed entrance into U.S. • Many stay due to poor economy back in Mexico • Longoria incident – family of Mexican American war hero denied a funeral service in Texas – leads to the organization of the G.I. Forum

34. Native Americans • Federal government moves away from assimilation and financial assistance with 1934 Indian Reorganization Act • National Congress of American Indians helps N. Americans retain their own customs on reservations • Termination policy – individual Native Americans gain control of tribal lands • Bureau of Indian Affairs provides job training in the cities

35. Purpose Content: To identify President Kennedy’s Cold War policies Language: Justify your claims with evidence from the text

36. Annotation Notes Underline major points using a pen/pencil Circle key words/phrases that are confusing Use margin to write quotations, connections, surprises, etc.

37. Guiding Questions • Independently

38. Justification Paragraph • Annotation • Guiding Questions • Justification paragraph

39. Cuban Missile Crisis • Review Cold War

40. Should the U.S. be alarmed? Why? Explain your answer. • Following a confrontation over oil in February 1960 the United States broke off diplomatic relations with the Castro government. With the United States increasingly hostile, Cuba turned to the Soviet Union. Soviet Premier Khrushchev was happy to support this socialist outpost in the Caribbean and Cuba began to receive large amounts of Soviet economic and military aid.

41. U.S. Relations with Cuba • Pres. Kennedy develops flexible response • more troops, ships, artillery • create the Green Berets (Army Special Forces) • Nuclear capabilities are tripled

42. U.S. Relations with Cuba • Fidel Castro gains control of Cuba in 1959 • He seizes 3 American and British oil refineries • 75% of farm land is owned by Americans • Castro turns commercial farms into communes (worked by formerly landless peasants)

43. U.S. Relations with Cuba • Congress puts trade barriers against Cuban sugar • Castro relies on Soviet aid • Castro has openly declared himself a communist

44. Bay of Pigs • CIA trains Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro • Pres. Kennedy approves it • Invasion occurs April 17, 1961 • American aerial strikes fail • The mission fails

45. Focus Question • Why did the Soviet Union remove their missiles from Cuba?

46. The “Hour of Maximum Danger” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOZrF9VR5PU

47. Today we are going to look at some of those “delicate” negotiations

48. Purpose Content: To identify reasons why the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba Language: Justify your claims with evidence from the text Social: To discuss your ideas with your peers

49. Procedure (after groups are organized) • Read and annotate Document A independently (3-5 minutes) • Answer guiding questions in your group (3-5 minutes) • Reread paragraphs aloud in groups and answer discussion questions as a class (5 minutes) • Repeat for Documents B and C

50. Get into groups • 1 member come get copies of Document A