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The Eisenhower Era

The Eisenhower Era. John Foster Dulles. Eisenhower’s Sec. of State Deeply hated Communism Opposed Truman Doctrine Advocated a policy of ‘liberation’ . . . not ‘containment’ Formulated policies of Brinkmanship & Massive Retaliation. Brinkmanship.

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The Eisenhower Era

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  1. The Eisenhower Era

  2. John Foster Dulles • Eisenhower’s Sec. of State • Deeply hated Communism • Opposed Truman Doctrine • Advocated a policy of ‘liberation’ . . . not ‘containment’ • Formulated policies of Brinkmanship & Massive Retaliation

  3. Brinkmanship • Diplomatic policy of going to the “brink” of war, but not actually going to war. • Dulles: “"The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art . . . If you are scared to go to the brink you are lost.” • Goal: Get your opponent (USSR) • to do what we want by • creating the risk of nuclear war.

  4. Massive Retaliation The United States would use overwhelming force (AKA nuclear weapons) in response to an attack by the Soviet Union. • Retaliation would be disproportionate to the size of the attack. • Goal: Deter any attack in the first place

  5. Roots of the Vietnam War Indochina – Ruled by the French since 1893

  6. First Indochina War • 1946 - 1954 • Vietminh fights the colonial French forces for control of Vietnam. • Vietminh – Vietnamese nationalist group led by Communist Ho Chi Minh.

  7. Battle of Dien Bien Phu • March – May 1954 • 25,000 French troops surrounded by Vietminh forces • French surrender. • KEY POINT: • French retreat from • Vietnam

  8. Geneva Conference • 1954 • Granted Vietnam independence from France • France divided into two zones along the 17th Parallel. • North governed by the Vietminh under Ho Chi Minh • South governed by former pro-French faction led by Ngo Dinh Diem • Called for elections to reunify Vietnam in 1956 17th Parallel

  9. Eisenhower & Diem blocks elections in 1956 U.S. goal is to strengthen South Vietnam & not let nation be unified under Ho Chi Minh $

  10. U.S. Goal Contain Communism in Southeast Asia

  11. SEATOSoutheast Asia Treaty Organization Anti-Communist alliance between U.S., France, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, Thailand, & Pakistan

  12. What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?

  13. What was the Hydrogen Bomb?

  14. What are ICBMs?

  15. Why was the Arms Race an application of Dulles policy of Brinkmanship & Massive Retaliation?

  16. How did launching of Sputnik effect the United States?

  17. Eisenhower’s farewell address:What was the Military Industrial Complex?

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