Tutorial for module BY1101 Cell biology revision: MCQ Joe Colgan (tcolgan@tcd.ie)

1. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Tutorial for module BY1101Cell biology revision: MCQJoe Colgan (tcolgan@tcd.ie)

2. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology BY1101: Cell biology MCQ • Multiple choice questions • 30 questions(Slide will change every minute) • Self assessment

3. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 1 What is the process by which monomers are linked together to form polymers? Hydrolysis Monomerization Protein formation Dehydration reactions Coiling

4. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 2 In a hydrolysis reaction, ______, and in this process water is _______. Monomers are assembled to produce a polymer........produced A monomer is broken up into its constituent polymers.......produced Monomers are assembled to produce a polymer........consumed A polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers.....produced A polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers.....consumed

5. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 3 The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) _______ bond. Van der Waals Hydrogen Covalent Ionic Peptide

6. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 4 Which of the following is not a true polymer? Nucleic acids Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates None of the above

7. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 5 Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of _______. DNA molecules Amino acid molecules Fatty acid molecules Purines and pyrimidines Sucrose molecules

8. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 6 The peptide bond is _______. A covalent bond joining simple sugars together to form a polypeptide A covalent bond joining nucleotides together to form a nucleic acid A hydrogen bond joining nucleotides together to form a nucleic acid A hydrogen bond joining amino acids together to form a polypeptide A covalent bond joining amino acids together to form a polypeptide

9. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 7 The alpha helix and beta pleated sheets represent which level of protein structure: Primary structure Tertiary structure Secondary structure Pentiary structure Quaternary structure

10. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 8 The “primary structure” of a protein refers to ________. The alpha helix or beta pleated sheets The weak aggregation of two or more polypeptide chains into one functional macromolecule Coiling due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids Interactions among the side chains or R groups of the amino acids The sequence of amino acids

11. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 9 The overall three dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called ________. Tertiary structure Primary structure Double helix Quaternary structure Secondary structure

12. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 10 A nucleotide is made up of which of the following chemical components? A nitrogenous base, a fatty acid, and an amino acid A nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a phosphate group A series of nitrogenous bases, a nucleic acid backbone, and a hexose sugar A nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a pentose sugar A nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar

13. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 11 Which of the following describes a difference between DNA and RNA? RNA molecules consist of a single polynucleotide chain, whereas DNA molecules consist of two polynucleotide chains organised into a double helix One of their nitrogenous bases is different They contain different sugars The first and second listed responses are correct differences The first three listed responses all describe differences

14. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 12 On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of ______ to be equal to the percentage of ________. Adenine...........guanine Adenine...........cytosine Thymine..........guanine Adenine...........thymine Thymine..........cytosine

15. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 13 Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live? Tissue Cell Organ Molecules None of the listed responses are correct

16. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 14 Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they ______. Have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm Lack a plasma membrane Have a smaller nucleus Have no ribosomes Lack chromosomes

17. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 15 Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells? Mitochondria Ribosomes DNA Cytosol Plasma membrane

18. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 16 What compartment of the cell is referred to as the “brain of the cell”? Ribosomes Nucleus Mitochondria Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

19. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 17 What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear envelope? The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores None of the listed responses are correct

20. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 18 What component of the cell is involved in assembly of the ribosomal subunits? Ribosome Chromatin Nuclear membrane Nucleolus Nuclear pores

21. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 19 Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? Manufacturing Energy processing Structural support of cells Information storage Breakdown of complex foods

22. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 20 The sorting and packaging centre of the cell refers to what cellular component? Golgi apparatus Lysosome Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria

23. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 21 A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through _________. The endomembrane system A microtubule The nucleus A ribosome The plasma membrane

24. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 22 Which of the following is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? The cytoplasm The rough endoplasmic reticulum In mitochondria The first two answers are correct The first three answers are correct

25. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 23 Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system Mitochondria but not chloroplasts contain a small amount of DNA Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes Chloroplasts but not mitochondria are completely independent of the cell of which they are part

26. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 24 Which of the following structure is found in animal cells but NOT plant cells? Plasma membrane Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Centrioles Rough endoplasmic reticulum

27. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 25 Detoxification is a characteristic function of what type of organelle? Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Nucleus Peroxisome Rough endoplasmic reticulum

28. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 26 Which of the following cell structures exhibits selective permeability between a cell and its external environment? The plasma membrane Mitochondria Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Chloroplasts

29. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 27 Which of the following statements about diffusion is true? It is a passive process It occurs when molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration It always requires integral proteins of the cell membrane It is very rapid over long distances It requires expenditure of energy by the cell

30. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 28 Which of these statements describes some aspects of facilitated diffusion? There is only one kind of protein pore for facilitated diffusion Facilitated diffusion is another name for osmosis. Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through channel or transport proteins in the membrane Facilitated diffusion requires energy to drive a concentration gradient Facilitated diffusion of solutes occurs through phospholipid pores in the membrane

31. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 29 Which of the following is a correct difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion? Active transport can move solutes in either direction across a membrane, but facilitated diffusion can only move in one direction Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not Active transport involves transport proteins, and facilitated diffusion does not Facilitated diffusion can move solutes against a concentration gradient, and active transport cannot Facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins, and active transport does not

32. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 30 Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific kind of molecule? Channel proteins Receptor-mediated endocytosis Passive transport Osmosis Facilitated diffusion

33. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Time is up • Pass your answers to your neighbour and we will correct

34. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 1 What is the process by which monomers are linked together to form polymers? Hydrolysis Monomerization Protein formation Dehydration reactions Coiling Q. 2 In a hydrolysis reaction, ______, and in this process water is _______. Monomers are assembled to produce a polymer........produced A monomer is broken up into its constituent polymers.......produced Monomers are assembled to produce a polymer........consumed A polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers.....produced A polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers.....consumed

35. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 3 The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) _______ bond. Van der Waals Hydrogen Covalent Ionic Peptide Q. 4 Which of the following is not a true polymer? Nucleic acids Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates None of the above

36. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 5 Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of _______. DNA molecules Amino acid molecules Fatty acid molecules Purines and pyrimidines Sucrose molecules Q. 6 The peptide bond is _______. A covalent bond joining simple sugars together to form a polypeptide A covalent bond joining nucleotides together to form a nucleic acid A hydrogen bond joining nucleotides together to form a nucleic acid A hydrogen bond joining amino acids together to form a polypeptide A covalent bond joining amino acids together to form a polypeptide

37. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 7 The alpha helix and beta pleated sheets represent which level of protein structure: Primary structure Tertiary structure Secondary structure Pentiary structure Quaternary structure Q. 8 The “primary structure” of a protein refers to ________. The alpha helix or beta pleated sheets The weak aggregation of two or more polypeptide chains into one functional macromolecule Coiling due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids Interactions among the side chains or R groups of the amino acids The sequence of amino acids

38. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 9 The overall three dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called ________. Tertiary structure Primary structure Double helix Quaternary structure Secondary structure Q. 10 A nucleotide is made up of which of the following chemical components? A nitrogenous base, a fatty acid, and an amino acid A nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a phosphate group A series of nitrogenous bases, a nucleic acid backbone, and a hexose sugar A nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a pentose sugar A nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar

39. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 11 Which of the following describes a difference between DNA and RNA? RNA molecules consist of a single polynucleotide chain, whereas DNA molecules consist of two polynucleotide chains organised into a double helix One of their nitrogenous bases is different They contain different sugars The first and second listed responses are correct differences The first three listed responses all describe differences Q. 12 On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of ______ to be equal to the percentage of ________. Adenine...........guanine Adenine...........cytosine Thymine..........guanine Adenine...........thymine Thymine..........cytosine

40. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 13 Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live? Tissue Cell Organ Molecules None of the listed responses are correct Q. 14 Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they ______. Have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm Lack a plasma membrane Have a smaller nucleus Have no ribosomes Lack chromosomes

41. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 15 Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells? Mitochondria Ribosomes DNA Cytosol Plasma membrane Q. 16 What compartment of the cell is referred to as the “brain of the cell”? Ribosomes Nucleus Mitochondria Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

42. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 17 What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear envelope? The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores None of the listed responses are correct

43. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 18 What component of the cell is involved in assembly of the ribosomal subunits? Ribosome Chromatin Nuclear membrane Nucleolus Nuclear pores Q. 19 Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? Manufacturing Energy processing Structural support of cells Information storage Breakdown of complex foods

44. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 20 The sorting and packaging centre of the cell refers to what cellular component? Golgi apparatus Lysosome Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Q. 21 A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through _________. The endomembrane system A microtubule The nucleus A ribosome The plasma membrane

45. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 22 Which of the following is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? The cytoplasm The rough endoplasmic reticulum In mitochondria The first two answers are correct The first three answers are correct Q. 23 Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system Mitochondria but not chloroplasts contain a small amount of DNA Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes Chloroplasts but not mitochondria are completely independent of the cell of which they are part

46. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 24 Which of the following structure is found in animal cells but NOT plant cells? Plasma membrane Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Centrioles Rough endoplasmic reticulum Q. 25 Detoxification is a characteristic function of what type of organelle? Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Nucleus Peroxisome Rough endoplasmic reticulum

47. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 26 Which of the following cell structures exhibits selective permeability between a cell and its external environment? The plasma membrane Mitochondria Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Chloroplasts Q. 27 Which of the following statements about diffusion is true? It is a passive process It occurs when molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration It always requires integral proteins of the cell membrane It is very rapid over long distances It requires expenditure of energy by the cell

48. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 28 Which of these statements describes some aspects of facilitated diffusion? There is only one kind of protein pore for facilitated diffusion Facilitated diffusion is another name for osmosis. Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through channel or transport proteins in the membrane Facilitated diffusion requires energy to drive a concentration gradient Facilitated diffusion of solutes occurs through phospholipid pores in the membrane Q. 29 Which of the following is a correct difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion? Active transport can move solutes in either direction across a membrane, but facilitated diffusion can only move in one direction Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not Active transport involves transport proteins, and facilitated diffusion does not Facilitated diffusion can move solutes against a concentration gradient, and active transport cannot Facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins, and active transport does not

49. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology Q. 30 Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific kind of molecule? Channel proteins Receptor-mediated endocytosis Passive transport Osmosis Facilitated diffusion

50. BY1101 Introduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology How did you do? For extra reading: Campbell Proteins and nucleic acids: Chapter 5 (sections 5.4 and 5.5) Tour of the cell: Chapter 6 Membrane structure and function: Chapter 7