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Bell Work

Bell Work. Name three common traits for each of the following: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Lanthanides, and Actinides. . Physical Science – Lecture 60 . Non-Metals and Metalloids. Metalloids .

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Bell Work

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  1. Bell Work • Name three common traits for each of the following: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Lanthanides, and Actinides.

  2. Physical Science – Lecture 60 Non-Metals and Metalloids

  3. Metalloids • Elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals are called metalloids.

  4. What are the Properties of the Metalloids? • The boiling points, melting points, and densities of the metalloids vary. • The metalloids make good semiconductors.

  5. Where are the Metalloids? • The metalloids are located along the diagonal line between the metals and nonmetals in the periodic table.

  6. Nonmetals • Elements that don't have the properties of metals are called nonmetals.

  7. Where are the Non-metals? • The nonmetals are located on the upper right side of the periodic table, separated from metals by a line that cuts diagonally through the periodic table.

  8. Who’s in the Family? • The nonmetal element group is usually considered to consist of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and selenium. • It also includes halogens and noble gases.

  9. Common Traits of Nonmetals • The nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. • Solid nonmetals are brittle and lack metallic luster. • Most nonmetals gain electrons easily.

  10. Common Traits of Non-Metals • Nonmetals have high ionization energies and electronegativities.

  11. THE NOBLE or INERT GASES • These gases are located in the far right column of the periodic table. • This is group 8A, 18 or 0 depending on the textbook.

  12. WHO'S IN THE FAMILY? • Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).

  13. Noble Gases • All of the inert gases have full outer shells with 8 electrons (except Helium who only has 2). • This makes them non-reactive.

  14. Common Traits of Noble Gases • The noble gases have low boiling points and are all gases at room temperature.

  15. Their Usefulness • Neon is used in advertising signs. • Argon is used in light bulbs. • Helium is used to cool things and in balloons. • Xenon is used in headlights for new cars.

  16. Summary of Common Properties • Fairly nonreactive • Complete valence shell • High ionization energies • Very low electronegativities • Low boiling points (all gases at room temperature)

  17. HALOGENS • Halogens (halogen family) are in Group 17 or 7A.

  18. Who is in this family? • The elements included are Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Astatine (At).

  19. Shared Traits • They all have seven electrons in their outer shell. • They need one electron to have a full shell.

  20. Common Traits • Halogens range from solid (I2) to liquid (Br2) to gaseous (F2 and Cl2) at room temperature. • The halogens have very high electronegativities. • These nonmetals form ions with a -1 charge.

  21. Reactivity • Fluorine is actually the most reactive element of all. It is a halogen. • As you move down the group, reactivity decreases for the halogens.

  22. HALIDES • When a halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide.

  23. Their Usefulness • You find these elements in bleaches, disinfectants, and salts.

  24. Summary of Common Properties • Very high electronegativities • Seven valence electrons (one short of a stable octet) • Highly reactive, especially with alkali metals and alkaline earths

  25. Groups 13-15: Not all one Type • Groups 13-15 include some metals, some metalloids, and some nonmetals. • The transition from metal to nonmetal is gradual across the periodic table.

  26. Common Trends in Mixed Groups • Remember that even in mixed groups of elements, the trends in the periodic table still hold true. • Atom size, ease of removing electrons, and ability to form bonds can be predicted as you move across and down the table.

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