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Muscular System

Muscular System. 1. Muscle of the Body. O ver 600 muscles in the human body Functions Locomotion Pump blood Breathing Regulation of body temperature. 2. Types of Muscle. Skeletal Usually attached to bones Voluntary movement (conscious control): moving bones, face, eyes, limbs, etc.

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System

  2. 1. Muscle of the Body • Over 600 muscles in the human body • Functions • Locomotion • Pump blood • Breathing • Regulation of body temperature

  3. 2. Types of Muscle • Skeletal • Usually attached to bones • Voluntary movement (conscious control): moving bones, face, eyes, limbs, etc. • Striations, several nuclei

  4. Smooth Muscle • Line the walls of internal organs: stomach, blood vessels, intestines • Involuntary movement (no neural input): move food, control blood flow, dilate pupils • Spindle-shaped, one nucleus

  5. Cardiac Muscle • Found only in the HEART • Involuntary movement: movement of heart • Striated, usually only one nucleus • Strongest muscle

  6. 3. Structure of Skeletal Muscle • Muscle > bundle of muscle fibers > muscle fiber > myofibril > sarcomere > actin/myosin

  7. Muscle Contraction • Need ATP heart rate and breathing rate increase due to increased need for oxygen • Sliding Filaments • Sarcomere: actin (thin) and myosin (thick) • Nerve signals: release neurotransmitters and Ca2+ rushes inside cell • Actin and myosin slide past each other  sarcomere shortens  muscle contracts

  8. Movement • Muscles contract and relax • Work in opposing pairs • Exercise • Hypertrophy (addition of actin and myosin filaments) = increase in size • Atrophy = decrease in size = weaker • Astronauts

  9. Quiz • Which of the following type of muscle is found in your stomach and intestines? • cardiac muscles • smooth muscle • striated muscle • Which muscles fibers are thicker? • actin • myosin • they are both thick • they are both thin.

  10. What attaches muscles to bones? • tendons • ligaments • synovials • skin • Cardiac muscle is voluntary • true • false

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