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Nitrogen management experiences in Argentina

Nitrogen management experiences in Argentina. RICARDO MELCHIORI (INTA) AGUSTIN BIANCHINI (AAPRESID) Remote Sensing Workshop . Monmouth, IL. August, 2007. Topics. Maize experiences: timing, and Fixed vs. SBNRC comparisons. By plant hierarchies response to N.

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Nitrogen management experiences in Argentina

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  1. Nitrogen management experiences in Argentina RICARDO MELCHIORI (INTA) AGUSTIN BIANCHINI (AAPRESID) Remote Sensing Workshop. Monmouth, IL. August, 2007

  2. Topics Maize experiences: timing, and Fixed vs. SBNRC comparisons By plant hierarchies response to N. Spatial resolution for Green Seeker RT 200 in maize Wheat experiences: cultivar effects on NDVI models

  3. Sources of variation that affect N response • soil moisture • rainfall regimes • temperature • soil type, previous crop • hybrids

  4. Inter-annual maize yield response to N 200 kg N 8828 kg/ha 154 kg N 8375 kg/ha 2001 2002 231 kg N 13441 kg/ha 99 kg N 9535 kg/ha 2004 2003

  5. Long term N response variability in continuous maizeINTA Parana, (1995 - 2006) • Average yield: 10000 kg/ha • Average optimal N rate = 155 kg N/ha

  6. N rates and timing yield response in maize 70 kg N ha-1 at planting No N at planting Maize grain yield (kg ha-1) Maize grain yield (kg ha-1) 70 kg N ha-1 sidedress 70 kg N ha-1 sidedress 140 kg N ha-1 at planting 210 kg N ha-1 at planting Maize grain yield (kg ha-1) Maize grain yield (kg ha-1) 70 kg N ha-1 sidedress 70 kg N ha-1 sidedress

  7. Biomass accumulation Biomas kg ha-1 Vegetative nitrogen uptake Grain yiel kg ha-1 Grain yield NDVI FUNCTIONS

  8. www.nue.okstate.edu

  9. Total Nitrogen use efficiency NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY kg grain kg N-1 SBNRC FIXED RATE NUE in FNR vs. SBNRCat different crop growth stages

  10. SBNRC Soil test GM $/ha 883 888 1050 1012 1143 1133 1100 1207 SBNRC P+S Soil test

  11. Green Seeker RT 200 Green Seeker RT 200 Adjustment

  12. Spatial resolution, for GS RT 200 V6 V8

  13. Effect of the number of sensors on SBNRC prescriptions in maize. V6 readings V8 readings Number of Sensed rows Recomendation % of average Recomendation % of average Melchiori and Albarenque, 2007

  14. New approach: different hierarchies by plant yield response to NN effects on by plant hierarchies.Paraná Nitrogen Team: SOIL FERTILITY, CROP NUTRITION, AND PHYSIOLOGY

  15. CV vs Yld Grain yield (kg ha-1) CV per plant grain yield (%)

  16. N grain yield response by hierarchies Dominated Dominant Per area relative yield response (%) By plant relative yield response (%)

  17. Fertilization x Hybrid interaction INTA Rafaela, Fontanetto, 2005 17000 N30-S2,5 16926 16200 N60-S5 N90-S7,5 15400 N120-S10 N240-S20 15070 15019 14600 14913 14400 14390 14315 13800 13690 13419 13000 13260 13105 13049 13025 12200 12586 12490 12439 12316 12229 11848 11400 11410 11192 11156 10600 10777 10727 10466 9800 9000 TJ 650 C 271 MG AX 888 Cl MG AX 890 MG C 280

  18. Wheat experiences: cultivar effects on NDVI models Long season wheat Short season wheat Main difference: tillering capability

  19. Grain Yield Full season Short season

  20. Sensor base Wheat yield model Parana (2005 - 2006)

  21. On going research and future needs • Sept. vs. Dec. planting dates; Wheat/Corn; • Row width (20” vs. 28”). • RT 200 studies in wheat & corn. • By zones N rich strips for using handheld GS. • Bands for other stresses (eg. Water), protein content in wheat. • Other crops: canola, tobacco, sugarcane.

  22. Thank you rmelchiori@parana.inta.gov.ar http://parana.inta.gov.ar bianchini@aapresid.org.ar www.aapresid.org.ar/english

  23. Interdisciplinary Team(SOIL FERTILITY, CROP NUTRITION, AND PHYSIOLOGY)- N use efficiency

  24. NUEg (kg kg N-1) grain N (%)

  25. Low N response Higher N response Regional Nitrogen Response Function(for Entre Rios Province)

  26. 24 ha B1 W4 W3 B2 Franja Rica de N Imagen satelital del área experimental Alley et al., 2003

  27. Promedio de cinco de años de rendimiento de maíz y remoción de nutrientes por tipo de suelo Alley et al., 2003

  28. 24 ha B1 W4 W3 B2 11 N 35 N 66 N 51 N Imagen satelital del área experimental Alley et al., 2003

  29. Diagnóstico de la fertilización para maíz(García, 2004) Estado de desarrollo del cultivo Análisis de Suelo • P (0-20 cm) • N-nitratos (0-60 cm) • S-sulfatos (0-20 cm) • Otros nutrientes: Mg, B, Cu, Zn (0-20 cm) Pre-Siembra Balances de N Modelos de simulación Siembra N-nitratos en suelo (0-30 cm) 5-6 hojas Nitratos en savia de base de tallos 8-10 hojas Análisis hoja de la espiga o inferior para concentración total de nutrientes Sensores: Fotografía aérea, N-sensor Floración Indice de verdor (Minolta SPAD 502) Madurez Fisiológica Nitratos en base de tallos Concentración de nutrientes en grano Cosecha

  30. N disponible a la siembra y Rendimiento de Maíz # Incluye 5 ensayos del Sudeste de Córdoba y Sur de Santa Fe

  31. Fertilización N en Maíz Red de Ensayos AAPRESID-Profertil 2001/02 – 2004/05 23 sitios en Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, y Santa Fé

  32. Nivel Crítico: 20 ppm Fertilización N en Maíz Red de Ensayos AAPRESID-Profertil 2001/02 – 2004/05 23 sitios en Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, y Santa Fé

  33. Concentración crítica de N-NO3 en V6 y rendimiento en maíz (Echeverría, 2004)

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