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BICH107/GENE105 9-18-2007

BICH107/GENE105 9-18-2007. Features of a chromosome. From Figure 13.6, pg. 245, Human Genetics 6th edition by R. Lewis Human chromosomes 1-22 are AUTOSOMES. We inherit one set from Mom and one set from Dad.

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BICH107/GENE105 9-18-2007

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  1. BICH107/GENE105 9-18-2007 Features of a chromosome From Figure 13.6, pg. 245, Human Genetics 6th edition by R. Lewis Human chromosomes 1-22 are AUTOSOMES. We inherit one set from Mom and one set from Dad. The X and Y chromosomes are SEX CHROMOSOMES. We also inherit these from our parents. Male offspring inherit one X and one Y. Female offspring inherit two X chromosomes. What is the function of a telomere? What is the function of a centromere?

  2. Vertical transmission of genetic information Most higher eukaryotes propagate through sexual reproduction that forms a new individual from two haploid sex cells (gametes). Meiosis - (pronounced my-o-sis) a process to convert a diploid cell to a haploid gamete, and cause a change in the genetic information to increase diversity in the offspring Here is a link to the Biology Project at the University of Arizona and a tutorial on meiosis: http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/meiosis/main.html Horizontal transmission of genetic information - will cover in detail next week Mitosis - (pronounced my-toe-sis) a process that divides duplicated genetic material in the nucleus plus cytokinesis (division of the cell) to produce two identical daughter cells Here is a link to the Biology Project at the University of Arizona with a figure and animation depicting a cell undergoing mitosis http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html

  3. Inheritance of sex chromosomes from parents to offspring Genotype of sex chromosomes: XX XY All are X 1/2 are X and 1/2 are Y Possible gametes: Punnett Square Gametes from the male X Y XX XY X Gametes from the female XX XY X

  4. true tall true short Hybrid tall true short t t t t T T t T Gregor Mendel studied the inheritance of stable traits with two easily distinguishable forms, like plant height (tall and short) in pea plants Tall phenotype is dominant over short The short phenotype reappears in crosses with hybrid tall parent Tt Tt Tt Tt Expect two hybrid tall plants and two short plants Expect all hybrid tall plants Tt tt Tt tt

  5. BICH107/GENE105 9-18-2007 Inheritance of Recessive Disorders: One Chance in Four N d NN Nd N Nd dd d From http://www.hhmi.org/genetictrail/

  6. BICH107/GENE105 9-18-2007 Inheritance of Dominant Disorders: A Fifty-Fifty Chance D n Dn nn n Dn nn n From http://www.hhmi.org/genetictrail/

  7. BICH107/GENE105 9-18-2007 Inheritance of X-Linked Disorders: Males are at Risk X Y XX XY X XX XY X From http://www.hhmi.org/genetictrail/

  8. Human traits that determined by inheritance of alleles that have simple dominant and recessive characteristics ability to roll the tongue is dominant (R) non-rolling is recessive (r) Widow’s peak is dominant (W) a straight hairline is recessive (w) ear lobes hang free is the dominant (E) attached earlobe is recessive (e) A straight thumb is dominant (S) a bent thumb is recessive (s) little fingers bend away is dominant (B) straight little fingers are recessive (b) mid-digital hair is dominant (H) lack of mid-digital hair is recessive (h) left thumb is on top is dominant (C) the right thumb is recessive (c)

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