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On Next Generation Networks and Applications

Explore the milestones of network technology, switch networks, wireless systems, and the future of internet applications. Learn about peer-to-peer networking, wireless LANs, and the progress towards Next Generation Networks.

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On Next Generation Networks and Applications

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  1. On Next Generation Networks and Applications Wen-Tsuen Chen Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University June 13, 2005 Presented in IDPT 2005, Beijing

  2. Outline • Milestones of Networks • Internet Applications • Switched networks • Wireless networks • Next Generation Networks • Next Generation Applications • Some Research Results • Conclusions

  3. Milestones of Networks • Arpanet introduced in 1969 • TCP/IP, by V. Cerf and R. Kahn, in 1974 • Ethernet, by R. M. Metcalfe et al., in 1976 • Cellular telephones in 1978 • PC introduced in early 1980s • Proliferation of LANs and hence the Internet in mid 1980s • Mosaic browser in 1993 and World-Wide Web Consortium in 1994

  4. Internet Applications • Genesis to Early 80s • Email, ftp, telnet • Late 80s • News, bbs, distributed and parallel computing • Early 90s • Gopher, WWW, hypertext • Late 90s • On-line game, auction, stock quotes, sports, horoscopes, headlines, weather, video conference, Internet TV, VPN, VoIP, P2P • Early 00s • Mobile VoIP, mobile VPN, location-based service, MMS

  5. Internet Trends • Today's Internet will evolve into the dominant network delivering all forms of data, voice, and video to anyone anywhere at anytime. • Handset will evolve as the major device for computing and communications. • Everyone will use Internet. • Infotainment will be one of the major applications.

  6. Everything over Internet • VoIP、FAX、TV、Broadcast • Net surfing by handset, PDA, home appliances • Shopping Internet TV: GoToWatch

  7. Switched Network

  8. Switched Network • Transmitting data from source to destination through intermediate switching nodes • Switching nodes are not concerned with the content of the data • Switching nodes move data from node to node until they reach their destinations

  9. Packet Switching • Data are transmitted in blocks, called packets • Long message is broken up into a series of packets • Packet • header: control information • payload: data • At each switching node, the packet is received, stored, and passed on to the next node

  10. Peer-to-peer networking • Client/server vs. peer-to-peer • Napster, Gnutella, Kazaa, BitTorrent • 70% of the traffic on ISP networks • >5 billions music files and >5 millions games downloaded in 2003 • 400K ~ 600K movies/day • Skype VoIP

  11. Evolution of Wireless Networks • Personal Area Networks (PANs) • Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) • Public wide-area (high-tier) cellular radio systems • Mobile Satellite Networks

  12. Wireless systems: bit rates vs. coverage areas

  13. Personal Area Networks (PANs) • Short-range low-power radios • Bluetooth • three power classes with coverage ranges up to approximately 10 meters, 50 meters, and 100 meters, respectively • support bit rates up to about 720 Kbps • HomeRF • IEEE 802.15 • support data rates over 20 Mbps

  14. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) • Typically use the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) radio frequency bands • ISM bands in the United States • 900-MHz band (902-928 MHz) • 2.4-GHz band (2400-2483.5 MHz) • 5.7-GHz band (5725-5850 MHz) • IEEE 802.11: the most widely adopted WLAN standard

  15. IEEE 802.11 • A family of standards that defines the physical layers (PHY) and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer • IEEE 802.11: • infrared (IR) • radio frequency (RF) in the 2.4-GHz ISM band • 1 or 2 Mbps • IEEE 802.11b: 11 Mbps in the 2.4-GHz ISM band • IEEE 802.11a: 54 Mbps in the 5.7-GHz ISM band • IEEE 802.11g: 54 Mbps in the 2.4-GHz ISM band • IEEE 802.11i: security • IEEE 802.11e: QoS (quality of service) • IEEE 802.11f: Inter Access Point Protocol (IAPP)

  16. Public WLANs • Provide significantly higher data rates than wide-area wireless networks • Could take advantages of both WLAN and wide-area radio technologies to create new services and reduce networking costs • Public WLANs are the first wave of all-IP radio access networks • New and innovative business models for providing public mobile services

  17. Worldwide WLAN sales

  18. 1G Wireless Networks • Became commercially available in the early 1980s • Analog radio technologies and circuit-switched transmission and networking technologies • Main service: circuit-switched voice • Lack the ability to support roaming between different network operators • Three main 1G radio system standards • Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS)in North America • Total Access Communications Services (TACS)in the United Kingdom • Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT)in Nordic countries

  19. 2G Wireless Networks • Emerged in the early 1990s • Digital signal processing and transmission technologies (increased radio capacity and spectrum utilization, enhanced voice quality, reduced power consumption, etc.) • Standards for core networks • In addition to circuit-switched voice, enabled the first waves of mobile data and mobile Internet services

  20. 3G Wireless Networks • Significantly increase radio system capacities and per-user data rates over 2G systems • Support IP-based data, voice and multimedia services • Enhance quality-of-service (QoS) support • Improve interoperability

  21. Fundamental Principles of 3G • Core networks will be based on IP technologies • Evolutionary rather than revolutionary

  22. Evolution of network technologies from 1G to 3G 3G Digital, Circuit and Packet Switching (IP core, greater roaming capability) All IP 2G Digital, Circuit Switching (greater capacity, less power consumption, better quality, greater roaming capability, more secure) 1G Analog, Circuit Switching (No autonomic roaming)

  23. Public Wireless LANs IP Core Network 3G Radio Access Networks Wireless PANs 2G Radio Access Networks Other Radio Access Networks Enterprise Wireless LANs Wireless IP network supporting heterogeneous radio technologies

  24. IP-Based Wireless Networks • The core network will be based on IP technologies. • A common IP core network will support multiple types of radio access networks. • A broad range of mobile voice, data, and multimedia services will be provided over IP technologies to mobile users. • IP-based protocols will be used to support mobility between different radio systems. • All-IP radio access networks will increase over time. The first all-IP radio access networks that have emerged in public wireless networks are public WLANs.

  25. Evolution of Public Mobile Services & Applications • First Wave of Mobile Data Services: Text-based Instant Messaging • Second Wave of Mobile Data Services: Low-Speed Mobile Internet Services • Current Wave of Mobile Data Services: High-Speed and Multimedia Mobile Internet Services

  26. First Wave of Mobile Data Services: Text-based Instant Messaging • SMS (Short Message Services) • provided over the completely circuit-switched 2G networks • delivered using Mobile Application Part (MAP) in GSM networks • SMS allowed mobile users to become familiar and comfortable with mobile data services

  27. Second Wave of Mobile Data Services: Low-Speed Mobile Internet Services • Interactive and information-based mobile Internet services • i-Mode: launched by NTT DoCoMo over PDC in February 1999 • emails and instant messages • commercial transactions • directory services • daily information • entertainment

  28. Growth of i-Mode Subscribers

  29. i-Mode • Most successful mobile data service • 3 million subscribers at the end of 1999 • 17 million subscribers at the end of 2000 • 30 million subscribers at the end of 2001 • 33.5 million subscribers at the end of 1st Quarter of 2002 • Running on 9.6 kbps packet data capability in PDC networks

  30. i-Mode Services • Sending and receiving email/message • Transaction: banking, ticket reservation, credit card bill inquiry, trading, etc. • Database: dictionary, restaurant guide, mobile telephone directory, mobile recipes, etc. • Daily information: news, weather reports, transportation information, town information, etc. • Entertainment: Karaoke, FM on-air information, network games, horoscope, etc.

  31. Current Wave of Mobile Data Services: High-Speed and Multimedia Mobile Internet Services • Camera phones • Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS) • Networked gaming • Location-based services • Streaming videos to mobile devices • Vehicle information systems

  32. 3G Broad range of voice, data, and multimedia applications; Seamless access to the Internet; Seamless roaming between different radio systems All IP 2G Circuit-switched voice and data, Richer data services (e.g., SMS) Limited Internet access and applications (higher speeds for data services) 1G Circuit-switched voice and data (low speed) Evolution of mobile services

  33. Motivations for IP-Based Wireless Networks • IP-based wireless networks are better suited for supporting the rapidly growing mobile data and multimedia services. • IP-based wireless networks bring the successful Internet service paradigm to mobile providers and users. • IP-based wireless networks can integrate seamlessly with the Internet. • IP-based radio access systems are becoming important components of public wireless networks. • IP technologies provide a better solution for making different radio technologies transparently to users.

  34. Growth of mobile voice and non-voice services

  35. Source: Telecompetition Inc., February 2001

  36. Terminals

  37. Terminals (cont.)

  38. Terminals (cont.) Source: Qualcomm

  39. Terminals (cont.) Source: Qualcomm

  40. Terminals (cont.) Source: Qualcomm

  41. Terminals (cont.) Source: Qualcomm

  42. Terminals (cont.) Source: Qualcomm

  43. Terminals (cont.) Source: Qualcomm

  44. Terminals (cont.) Source: Qualcomm

  45. Terminals (cont.) Source: Qualcomm

  46. Next Generation Applications • Electronic Commerce • Distance Education • Digital Libraries • Webcasting • Telemedicine • Collaborative Research

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