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VIBRO CHOLERAE

VIBRO CHOLERAE. PUTRESCINE. H 2 N – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – NH 2. (1,4-diaminobutane or butanediamine ). CADAVERINE. H 2 N – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – NH 2. (1,5-diaminopentane or pentanediamine ). CHOLERA BACTERIUM. PUTRESCINE & CADAVERINE.

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VIBRO CHOLERAE

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  1. VIBRO CHOLERAE

  2. PUTRESCINE H2N – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – NH2 (1,4-diaminobutane or butanediamine) CADAVERINE H2N – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – NH2 (1,5-diaminopentane or pentanediamine) CHOLERA BACTERIUM

  3. PUTRESCINE & CADAVERINE • are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. • two compounds are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. • also found in semen and some microalgae, together with related molecules like spermine and spermidine.

  4. SPERMINE H2N – (CH2)4 – NH – (CH2)3 – NH2 SPERMIDINE H2N – (CH2)3 – NH – (CH2)4 – NH – (CH2)3 – NH2 First isolated from human seminal fluid, were they are highly concentrated

  5. NITROGEN – containing functional groups

  6. AMINES

  7. MELAMINE 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine 

  8. AMINES • Amines are organic compounds and a type of functional group that contain nitrogen as the key atom. • Structurally amines resemble ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituentssuch as alkyl and aryl groups. • Amines are central in organic chemistry. All known life processes depend on AMINO ACIDS, each of which contains an amine group.

  9. N R3 R1 R2

  10. CLASSIFICATIONS

  11. PRIMARY R – NH2 An amine having one alkyl or aromatic group bonded to nitrogen.

  12. EXAMPLES CH3 – NH2 methylamine CH3 – CH2 – NH2 ethylamine

  13. SECONDARY R2 – NH An amine having two alkyl or aromatic groups bonded to nitrogen.

  14. EXAMPLES CH3–NH – CH3 dimethylamine CH3 – CH2–NH – CH3 ethylmethylamine

  15. TERTIARY R3 – N An amine having three alkyl or aromatic groups bonded to nitrogen.

  16. EXAMPLES CH3–N – CH3 trimethylamine CH3 CH3 CH3 – CH2–N – CH3 ethyldimethylamine

  17. PREPARATION

  18. WATER HEMLOCK

  19. CONIINE H │ N CH2 – CH2 – CH3 Extremely toxic ALKALOID

  20. OPIUM POPPY

  21. CH3 │ N CH3 MORPHINE N O ║ COCH2CH3 DEMEROL O OH Painkillers with strong hallucinogenic & addictive side effects Painkillers similar structure to morphine but less side effects

  22. COCA

  23. N CH3 O ║ COCH3 O ║ O ─ C ─ COCAINE

  24. CACTUS

  25. CH2 – CH2 – NH2 CH3O OCH3 OCH3 MESCALINE

  26. DART FROG

  27. BATRACHOTOXIN CH3 H O CH3 H2C HO C═ O H3C O O NCH3 H3C NH HO H Derived from D’ word BATRACHOS greek means FROG

  28. GALAPAGOS

  29. GUANIDINE NH ║ H2N – C – NH2 Guano deposits on GALAPAGOS Islands. GUANIDINE is the compound by which migratory bird excrete waste Metabolic nitrogen.

  30. USES

  31. HISTAMINE CH2 – CH2 – NH2 N N H Causes many of the symptoms of common cold and the itchy bump cause by insects bites, the effects of HISTAMINE can be relieved to some extent by ANTIHISTAMINES…..

  32. (BENADRYL) diphenhydramine CH3 O CH2 – CH2 – N CH3 CH

  33. EPINEPHRINE OH C – CH2 – NH – CH3 HO H HO

  34. Phenylpropanolamine CH – CH – NH2 OH CH3

  35. SACCHARIN NH SO2 Artificial sweeteners 100 times sweeter than table sugar

  36. NOMENCLATURE

  37. NOMENCLATURE • The nomenclature of amines is complicated by the fact that several different nomenclature systems exist, and there is no clear preference for one over the others. • The most important thing to remember is when to use the following : • 1. amine • 2. amino • 3. aniline

  38. RULE # 1 • SIMPLE AMINES - can be named by common nomenclature as ALKYLAMINE in which amine is added to the name of the organic group. • IUPAC NAMING – Is done by dropping the – e – of the alkane parent chain then add AMINE.

  39. EXAMPLES CH3 – NH2 IUPAC methanamine COMMON methylamine CH3 – CH2 – NH2 IUPAC ethanamine COMMON ethylamine

  40. EXAMPLES CH3–NH – CH3 dimethylamine ethylmethylamine CH3 – CH2–NH – CH3 3HC CH3–N – CH3 CH3 – CH2–N – CH3 CH3 ethyldimethylamine trimethylamine

  41. EXAMPLES NH2 NH2 CH3 cyclopentanamine 2 – methyl – cyclopentanamine Cl 2,4,6 – trichloro – cyclohexanamine NH2 Cl Cl

  42. EXAMPLES CH3 NH2 CH3– C ═ CH – CH – CH3 4 – methyl – 3 – penten – 2 - amine CH3– C ═ CH – CH – C ≡ CH CH3 – CH2 NH2 5 – methyl – 4 – hepten – 1– yne – 3 - amine

  43. RULE # 2 • To name a substituted amine, both the name and the location of the substituent must be identified. • Substituent on a carbon chain are located by a number, whereas those on a nitrogen are identified by a capital italic letter – N – .

  44. EXAMPLES NH – CH2 – CH3 N – ethyl – cyclobutanamine CH2 – CH3 3HC CH3 – (CH2)3 NH – (CH2)5 – CH3 N – hexyl –3 – butyl – 6 – ethyl – 4 – methyl – cyclooctanamine

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