Before Class Task

1. Before Class Task • 1. Hand in your Reading Check and Check Your Understanding • 2. Work on completing your notebook. You will hand in on March 11th and 12th • Write down the answer to the following questions a piece of paper, you will need to hand in at the end of class • What is sustainability? • Is it expensive to do it? • How to do it?

2. Chapter 3 Class Schedule • March 7th and March 10thChapter 3.2 How human influence ecosystem and Worksheet • March 11th and March 12th Chapter 3.3 How introduced species affect ecosystem (Notebook due) • March 13th and March 14thCane Toad Video Worksheet • April 1st and April 2nd Test Review • April 3rd and April 4th Chapter 3 test IMPORTANT: NO REVIEW!!! • E-mail address: scott.liang@sd41.bc.ca

3. Chapter 3.2 Objective • To understand sustainability • To Describe the effect of different land and resource uses • To use the knowledge learned in chapter 1 and 2 to apply sustainable land and resource management • To understand Traditional Ecological knowledge

4. Local Wetland- Burn Bog in Delta, BC. • wetlands contain high biodiversity, and alsofilter many impurities out of the water. • because they hold large amounts of water, they can help prevent flooding.

5. Local Wetland- Burn Bog in Delta, BC. • Human intrusion has caused many BC wetlands to disappear. • In the past 100 years up to 70% of the wetlands in the lower Fraser Valley have been lost. • Wetlands are special ecosystems that contain completely waterlogged soil for long periods of time.

6. “Sustainability” of Ecosystems pg 125 • Definition #1: “The ability for an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes”. • ie. the ecosystem stays healthy naturally • Definition #2: “People using an ecosystem to meet their needs today without reducing the function or health of the ecosystem in the future” • Sustainable practices maintain, or even improve, healthy ecosystems. Returning young coho salmon to rivers near Port Alice can help maintain sustainability.

7. The Effects of Land and Resource Use pg 126 • All of the land around us, even in cities, was once a part of an ecosystem. • We use the land for things like urban development, agriculture, industry, mining and forestry • “Resource use” refers to the ways we obtain and use naturally occurring materials. • Most products you use every day involve the use of some natural resources in their production. The processing and export of resources like lumber, coal and sulphur are very important to BC’s current economy.

8. Effect of land use 1- Habitat Loss pg 126 • Humans have impacted natural ecosystems over the past 150 years. • because of human expansion, habitats have been lost or fragmented. • “Habitat fragmentation” is the splitting of large habitats into many smaller ones, resulting in disrupted natural activities for plants and animals. Habitat loss (left) and habitat fragmentation (right) reveal the effects of human activities on ecosystems.

10. The Effects of land use 2- Deforestation pg128 • Deforestation is the clearing or logging of forests for human use. • some land is never reclaimed or replanted. • agricultural crops that are planted are often one species = monoculture • This reduces biodiversity, and leaves the crop vulnerable to pests or disease. • Polycultures, of many plant species, are more economically and biologically diverse. • Deforestation is still occurring in many tropical rainforests.

11. Deforestation results in soil degradation (moving wind & water erode topsoil & leave bare land behind). • Topsoil: the upper layer of soil, is where most of the nutrients, water and air are found for plant growth.

12. The Effects of land use 3- Agriculture pg 129 • In fields left without crops, water & wind can cause erosion. • In wet areas the soil can become compacted. • Soil particles are squeezed together • This is due to farm animals or vehicles. • There is no room for water or air to enter the soil.

13. Because of soil compaction water runs off the soil instead of soaking in. • causes leaching. • Aeration involves removing small plugs of soil, Loosens soil & can reduce run-off.

14. Resource use- Resource Exploitation pg130 • Humans depend on resource exploitation for jobs, materials, food, shelter and energy. • Exploitation can lead to habitat loss, soil degradation & contaminationof water supplies. • Many mining and resource exploitations require reclamation efforts. • Reclamationattempts to reduce environmental impacts of exploitation, and tries to restore the original (or at least functional) habitats.

15. Overexploitation pg 132: • Food webs can be greatly affected for long periods of time especially in keystonespecies (species that greatly influence the population numbers and health of an ecosystem)

16. Traditional Ecological Knowledge: • In Aboriginal cultures it is passed down from generation to generation. • This knowledge reveals what past conditions were like, and also how the ecosystem and humans interact. • Knowledge is found in stories, songs, cultural beliefs, rituals, community laws and traditional practices.

17. Current ecological restoration and usage guidelines often involve this traditional knowledge from Aboriginal representatives. • Traditions such as the “Spring burn” allow for ecological renewal. • Fire suppression, enforced in BC for over 100 years, has led to recent issues like the mountain pine beetle infestation and huge wildfire losses.

18. Homework • Hand in Check Your Understanding 4, 5, 6, 13, and 14 on page 137 • (Complete the worksheet page 2) • Finish updating your notebook. It should be update to 3.2 and hand in on March 11th and 12th