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Ecotourism environments…

Ecotourism environments…. What are the components of a public protected area? An area of land and/or sea Especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity (cultural resources) Managed through legal or other effective means Managed by a public authority

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Ecotourism environments…

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  1. Ecotourism environments… • What are the components of a public protected area? • An area of land and/or sea • Especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity (cultural resources) • Managed through legal or other effective means • Managed by a public authority • What are paper parks?

  2. What is so important about public protected areas? • THE dominant setting for ecotourism • Natural environments • High public profile (http://whc.unesco.org/) • Structural suitability to ecotourism • Investment in infrastructure and services • Convergence between protected and natural landscapes

  3. IUCN Classification System • I -> wilderness area for scientific and research purposes • V -> cultural & natural environment exist in a complementary relationship

  4. The 6 IUCN Protected Area Management Categories • Category Ia Strict Nature Reserve: protected area managed mainly for science • Category Ib Wilderness Area : protected area managed mainly for wilderness protection • Category II National Park: protected area managed mainly for ecosystem protection and recreation • Category III Natural Monument: protected area managed mainly for conservation of specific natural features • Category IV Habitat/Species Management Area: protected area managed mainly for conservation through management intervention • Category V Protected Landscape/Seascape: protected area managed mainly for landscape/seascape conservation and recreation • Category VI Managed Resource Protected Area: protected area managed mainly for the sustainable use of natural ecosystems

  5. Lebanon’s protected areas… • National Designations • Bird Reserve 1 Bentael National Park • Forest Reserve 5 Ain Zhalta; Arz Tannourine; Barouk; Arz el Rab; Jabal el Qaraqif • National Park 5 Ammiq; Barouk; Mashgara (II); Qaraoun Lake; Terbol • Other Area 1 Chali Cedar Forest • Private Protected Area 3 Baabda; Bentael; Khallet Khazen Farm • Protection/Protected Zone 2 Arz Bcharre; Qannoubine • Reserve 12 Bass; Batroun; Hbeline; Horsh Ehden; Jabal Turbol; Jaftalak Ras el-ain; Kammoua; Karm Chbat; Kfar Zabed; Kherbet Slim; Palm Island; Saissouk • International Conventions and Programmes • Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar) 4 • World Heritage Convention 5 • UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve 1 • Barcelona Convention 1

  6. Marine Protected Areas • 1300 MPA = < 1% of the world’s marine space • Only one protected area along Lebanon's 225 kilometers coastline • Palm Islands - 1992, 5km2, IUCN Category IV

  7. Distribution of ecotourists w/in protected areas • ’95-5’ rule • 95% of all visits tend to be confined to 5% of the area • Where? • Heavily developed sites – sacrificial space • Hinterland of the sites • Transportation corridors

  8. Issues associated with spatial and temporal concentration • Higher visitation levels… • … Site’s carrying capacity • Fixed carrying capacity • When? • If D > K then ? • Fluid carrying capacity • Increase capacity how?

  9. Modified spaces … • Agricultural lands … • Urban space … • Artificial wetlands … • Artificial reefs… • Degraded or devastated space

  10. Next section: ecotourism planning for protected areas • Read that section in the booklet – by October 28 • Read the ‘ecotourist trap’ by October 28 • Summary article due October 30 • Homework 2 and 3 due October 30

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